我國國際保理應收賬款轉(zhuǎn)讓的準物權化路徑探索
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-20 08:11
【摘要】：作為一種新型商事交易的結算和融資手段,保理為國際貿(mào)易賒銷提供了賬款分賬戶管理、賬款催收、壞賬擔保和資金融通等綜合性金融服務。由于既能迎合進口商延期付款訴求,又能滿足出口商匯攏資金的要求,保理,特別是國際保理在全球貿(mào)易結算中的份額不斷上升。應收賬款作為一般債權,其在金融貿(mào)易中的交換價值和利用價值日趨顯現(xiàn),而國際保理中應收賬款的轉(zhuǎn)讓首當其沖體現(xiàn)債的利用價值,所以應收賬款的轉(zhuǎn)讓對債務人和第三人的效力來說實際上是具有物權效力的規(guī)范。在日趨活躍的金融大環(huán)境下,債的安全性需要讓位于債的流動性,使國際保理中的應收賬款更多的具有準物權性,增加債的對世性,以彌補債的相對性,隨著國際保理中應收賬款利用價值的提高,應收賬款變動對第三人的影響也逐漸增多,如何處理國際保理中應收賬款轉(zhuǎn)讓的權利沖突問題迫在眉睫。為實現(xiàn)債權受讓的善意第三人與進口商的利益平衡,探索應收賬款的準物權化路徑,本文擬針對保理業(yè)務中適用更為廣泛的國際保理業(yè)務,結合各國國際保理法制現(xiàn)狀和立法趨勢,以國際保理應收賬款的準物權化路徑為著眼點,對國際保理中應收賬款的權利沖突和法律適用問題展開探討,并從建立國際保理公證制度以及信用風險評價制度等方面,對我國國際保理制度和保理相關法律法規(guī)等完善提出建議,為我國貿(mào)易出口和金融界拓展保理業(yè)務提供參考,促進國際保理在我國金融實踐中的發(fā)展。本文分為四部分。第一,針對國際保理的法律性質(zhì)及法律關系,結合各國和各個國際組織對國際保理的相關規(guī)定,介紹了國際保理的概況和定義,并主要就國際保理債權轉(zhuǎn)讓的法律性質(zhì)以及各國對債權轉(zhuǎn)讓的無因性和獨立性等問題進行了分析。第二,國際保理應收賬款的準物權化價值研究,從債權融資發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟社會根源以及國際保理準物權化的現(xiàn)實價值等問題進行了探討,重點闡述國際保理中應收賬款的權利沖突問題。第三,完善我國國際保理應收賬款準物權化路徑的設想,為了明確國際保理中各方當事人的權責承擔,保護第三人權益,通過對典型案例的分析,對包括保理商的適當注意義務,保理商的誠實信用義務以及供應商的通知義務在內(nèi)的國際保理各方當事人的角色定位進行了討論。第四,完善我國保理準物權化制度的建議,主要包括建立保理公證制度實現(xiàn)保理合同強制執(zhí)行效力、建立多層次信用與風險評級制度以防范債務人信用風險、建立保理融資的風險補償制度等三方面。
[Abstract]:As a new method of settlement and financing for commercial transactions factoring provides comprehensive financial services such as account sub-account management account collection bad debt guarantee and financing for international trade on credit. Factoring, in particular international factoring, is a growing share of global trade settlements as it caters to importers' demands for deferred payments as well as exporters' demands for money to be remitted. As a general creditor's right, the exchange value and utilization value of accounts receivable in financial and trade appear day by day, while the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring bears the brunt of the utilization value of debt. Therefore, the transfer of accounts receivable is actually a norm with the effect of real right for the effect of debtors and third parties. In the increasingly active financial environment, the security of the debt needs to give way to the liquidity of the debt, make the accounts receivable in the international factoring more quasi-property rights, increase the antiquity of the debt, in order to make up for the relativity of the debt, With the increase of the utilization value of accounts receivable in international factoring, the influence of the change of accounts receivable on the third party is increasing gradually. How to deal with the conflict of rights in the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring is urgent. In order to balance the interests of bona fide third party and importer, and to explore the way of quasi-property right of accounts receivable, this paper intends to apply more extensive international factoring business to factoring business. Based on the current situation of international factoring legal system and the trend of legislation in various countries, this paper focuses on the quasi-property rights of international factoring accounts receivable, and discusses the conflict of rights and the application of laws in international factoring. From the aspects of establishing the international factoring notarization system and the credit risk evaluation system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the international factoring system and the related laws and regulations of factoring in China, which can provide reference for the expansion of factoring business in China's trade export and financial circles. To promote the development of international factoring in China's financial practice. This paper is divided into four parts. First, in the light of the legal nature and legal relations of international factoring, this paper introduces the general situation and definition of international factoring in the light of the relevant provisions of States and international organizations on international factoring, It also analyzes the legal nature of the transfer of international factoring claims and the non-causation and independence of the transfer of claims in various countries. Second, the research on the quasi-real right value of international factoring accounts receivable, from the economic and social root of the development of creditor's rights financing and the realistic value of international factoring quasi-real right, etc. This paper focuses on the conflict of rights of accounts receivable in international factoring. Third, perfect our country international factoring accounts receivable quasi-real right path assumption, in order to clarify the rights and responsibilities of all parties in international factoring, protect the rights and interests of the third party, through the analysis of typical cases, The roles of the parties to international factoring, including the due diligence obligation of the factor, the good faith obligation of the factor and the notification obligation of the supplier, are discussed. Fourthly, the suggestions of perfecting the system of factoring quasi-real right include establishing factoring notarization system to realize the enforcement effect of factoring contract, establishing multi-level credit and risk rating system to prevent debtors credit risk. Establish the risk compensation system of factoring financing.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.2;D922.28
[Abstract]:As a new method of settlement and financing for commercial transactions factoring provides comprehensive financial services such as account sub-account management account collection bad debt guarantee and financing for international trade on credit. Factoring, in particular international factoring, is a growing share of global trade settlements as it caters to importers' demands for deferred payments as well as exporters' demands for money to be remitted. As a general creditor's right, the exchange value and utilization value of accounts receivable in financial and trade appear day by day, while the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring bears the brunt of the utilization value of debt. Therefore, the transfer of accounts receivable is actually a norm with the effect of real right for the effect of debtors and third parties. In the increasingly active financial environment, the security of the debt needs to give way to the liquidity of the debt, make the accounts receivable in the international factoring more quasi-property rights, increase the antiquity of the debt, in order to make up for the relativity of the debt, With the increase of the utilization value of accounts receivable in international factoring, the influence of the change of accounts receivable on the third party is increasing gradually. How to deal with the conflict of rights in the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring is urgent. In order to balance the interests of bona fide third party and importer, and to explore the way of quasi-property right of accounts receivable, this paper intends to apply more extensive international factoring business to factoring business. Based on the current situation of international factoring legal system and the trend of legislation in various countries, this paper focuses on the quasi-property rights of international factoring accounts receivable, and discusses the conflict of rights and the application of laws in international factoring. From the aspects of establishing the international factoring notarization system and the credit risk evaluation system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the international factoring system and the related laws and regulations of factoring in China, which can provide reference for the expansion of factoring business in China's trade export and financial circles. To promote the development of international factoring in China's financial practice. This paper is divided into four parts. First, in the light of the legal nature and legal relations of international factoring, this paper introduces the general situation and definition of international factoring in the light of the relevant provisions of States and international organizations on international factoring, It also analyzes the legal nature of the transfer of international factoring claims and the non-causation and independence of the transfer of claims in various countries. Second, the research on the quasi-real right value of international factoring accounts receivable, from the economic and social root of the development of creditor's rights financing and the realistic value of international factoring quasi-real right, etc. This paper focuses on the conflict of rights of accounts receivable in international factoring. Third, perfect our country international factoring accounts receivable quasi-real right path assumption, in order to clarify the rights and responsibilities of all parties in international factoring, protect the rights and interests of the third party, through the analysis of typical cases, The roles of the parties to international factoring, including the due diligence obligation of the factor, the good faith obligation of the factor and the notification obligation of the supplier, are discussed. Fourthly, the suggestions of perfecting the system of factoring quasi-real right include establishing factoring notarization system to realize the enforcement effect of factoring contract, establishing multi-level credit and risk rating system to prevent debtors credit risk. Establish the risk compensation system of factoring financing.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.2;D922.28
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