發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-19 02:02

  本文選題：美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解 + 志愿者　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)七、八十年代,管理的社區(qū)化模式就已盤踞于許多國(guó)家之中。這種趨勢(shì)在糾紛解決領(lǐng)域的直接對(duì)應(yīng)是:社區(qū)調(diào)解。社區(qū)調(diào)解作為范圍更為廣泛的ADR運(yùn)動(dòng)中的一部分,其崛起是在法庭之外的非正式語境下,把糾紛解決進(jìn)行地方化處理的一種嘗試。社區(qū)調(diào)解的理念和制度發(fā)端于美國(guó),是一種以社區(qū)為依托,主要由社區(qū)志愿者擔(dān)任調(diào)解人,并主要解決社區(qū)成員之間小型糾紛的一種非訴訟糾紛解決程序。在歷經(jīng)幾十年的發(fā)展與完善之后,其已成為當(dāng)代美國(guó)調(diào)解的主要類型之一,并形成了一套相對(duì)成熟且有別于其他調(diào)解機(jī)制的運(yùn)作模式與流程。社區(qū)調(diào)解的存在不僅滿足了美國(guó)訴訟系統(tǒng)減壓的需求,還對(duì)美國(guó)基層社會(huì)的治理能力與凝聚力的提升都產(chǎn)生了不小的影響。我國(guó)正處在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,并且隨著我國(guó)社區(qū)制度的逐漸形成,各種社會(huì)問題也會(huì)往社區(qū)匯集,在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)解經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行傳承的同時(shí),美國(guó)在社區(qū)調(diào)解制度上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與做法也許能給我國(guó)的社區(qū)糾紛處理與基層治理帶來一絲靈感。鑒此,文章首先對(duì)美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解的發(fā)展概況和組織模式進(jìn)行分析,探討了美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解的基本特點(diǎn)、組織模式和歷史背景。其次,文中對(duì)美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解的核心力量——志愿者進(jìn)行了深入分析,介紹了志愿者采用的三種調(diào)解方式:促進(jìn)式調(diào)解、評(píng)估式調(diào)解和轉(zhuǎn)換式調(diào)解。再者,文章對(duì)社區(qū)調(diào)解的基本流程和其中的創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用展開探討。最后,文章立足中國(guó)問題,思考社區(qū)調(diào)解對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)影響與發(fā)展困境問題;在此前提下,文章將美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解與我國(guó)社區(qū)人民調(diào)解進(jìn)行了比較分析,以期在厘清區(qū)別的基礎(chǔ)上,參考借鑒美國(guó)社區(qū)調(diào)解制度的有益成分。
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s and 1980 s, the mode of community management had been in many countries. The direct correspondence of this trend in the field of dispute resolution is: community mediation. As a part of the broader ADR movement, the rise of community mediation is an attempt to localize dispute resolution in the informal context outside the court. The concept and system of community mediation originated in the United States is a kind of non-litigation dispute settlement procedure which is based on the community mainly by community volunteers as mediators and mainly solves small disputes among community members. After decades of development and improvement, it has become one of the main types of mediation in contemporary America, and has formed a set of relatively mature and different from other mediation mechanism operation mode and process. The existence of community mediation not only meets the need of American litigation system to decompress, but also has a great influence on the improvement of governance ability and cohesion of American grass-roots society. Our country is in the critical period of social transformation, and with the gradual formation of our community system, various social problems will also come together to the community, while passing on the traditional mediation experience. The experience and practice of American community mediation system may bring some inspiration to our country's community dispute management and grass-roots governance. In view of this, the article first analyzes the development and organization mode of American community mediation, and probes into the basic characteristics, organizational model and historical background of American community mediation. Secondly, the paper analyzes the core force of American community mediation-volunteers, and introduces three mediation methods: facilitation mediation, evaluation mediation and transformational mediation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the basic process and innovative application of community mediation. Finally, based on the Chinese problem, the article thinks about the realistic influence of community mediation on American society and its development dilemma, and then makes a comparative analysis of American community mediation and Chinese community mediation. In order to clarify the differences, reference to the beneficial elements of the American community mediation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD916

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本文編號(hào)：1908203