發(fā)布時間：2019-04-11 21:10

【摘要】：宅基地置換是近年來政府在農(nóng)村土地領(lǐng)域推行的重要政策。作為土地整理的一種模式,在國家城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增減掛鉤的指引下,對我國的城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)和城鄉(xiāng)一體化產(chǎn)生了巨大的作用。但是在宅基地置換中,因為相關(guān)制度的不完善,農(nóng)民地位的弱勢,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民作為宅基地使用權(quán)人和房屋所有權(quán)人,在宅基地置換中的權(quán)益受到了大量侵害。政府因其在宅基地置換中的雙重身份,自我收益最大化等性質(zhì),經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)侵犯農(nóng)民權(quán)益的現(xiàn)象,由此引發(fā)的社會矛盾已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。因此,對現(xiàn)有宅基地置換政策和實踐的梳理分析,對宅基地置換中農(nóng)民權(quán)益受損因素的梳理分析,并尋求宅基地置換中農(nóng)民權(quán)益保護之方法,具有非常重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文除引言和結(jié)語外,內(nèi)容具體分為以下三部分:第一部分,農(nóng)村宅基地置換政策的基本現(xiàn)狀。首先介紹宅基地置換的概念和現(xiàn)實意義,其次梳理宅基地置換政策出臺的歷史沿革和背景,再次分別歸納國內(nèi)三個典型——天津市、嘉興市、重慶市的宅基地置換辦法。第二部分,農(nóng)村宅基地置換中農(nóng)民法定權(quán)利與實現(xiàn)狀況。首先分析農(nóng)民在宅基地置換中的法定權(quán)利,分為實體權(quán)利、程序權(quán)利。實體權(quán)利有宅基地使用權(quán)、房屋所有權(quán)等等,程序權(quán)利有參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)、救濟權(quán)等。其次從實踐上分析農(nóng)民有哪些實體權(quán)利和程序權(quán)利受到了侵害,并深入分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因。如實體權(quán)利中宅基地被置換為國有,農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益受損、利益分配和補償不合理等,程序權(quán)利方面,分別分析了參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)、救濟權(quán)未獲得制度保障。第三部分,農(nóng)村宅基地置換中農(nóng)民權(quán)益保障的法律建議。首先講述了以程序救濟實現(xiàn)實體救濟,以程序正義保障實體正義的基本法理。其次從保障程序正義的角度,提出法律建議,分成三部分,農(nóng)民參與權(quán)的法律保障,農(nóng)民監(jiān)督權(quán)的法律保障,農(nóng)民救濟權(quán)的法律保障,分別提出對策建議。最后提出立法上的建議。
[Abstract]:Homestead replacement is an important policy carried out by the government in the field of rural land in recent years. As a mode of land consolidation, under the guidance of the increase and decrease of the country's urban and rural construction land, it has played a great role in the urbanization construction and the integration of urban and rural areas in our country. However, due to the imperfection of the relevant system and the weakness of farmers' status, the rights and interests of farmers, as homestead owners and homeowners, have been infringed on in the process of homestead replacement. Because of its dual identity in homestead replacement and self-profit maximization, the government often infringes farmers' rights and interests. The social contradiction caused by this phenomenon has seriously affected the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to sort out and analyze the existing policies and practices of homestead replacement, to analyze the factors affecting farmers' rights and interests, and to seek the methods of protecting farmers' rights and interests in homestead replacement. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the content is divided into the following three parts: the first part, the basic status of rural homestead replacement policy. Firstly, the concept and practical significance of homestead replacement are introduced. Secondly, the historical evolution and background of the introduction of homestead replacement policy are combed, and then the homestead replacement methods of Tianjin, Jiaxing and Chongqing are summarized respectively. The second part, the farmer's legal right and the realization condition in the rural homestead replacement. First of all, the legal rights of farmers in the replacement of homestead are divided into substantive rights and procedural rights. Substantive rights have the right to use the homestead, ownership of the house, etc., procedural rights have the right to participate, supervision, relief and so on. Secondly, from the practical point of view, which substantive rights and procedural rights of farmers have been infringed, and in-depth analysis of the causes of the problems. If the homestead is replaced as state-owned in the substantive right, farmers' land rights and interests are damaged, the benefit distribution and compensation are unreasonable and so on. In the aspect of procedural rights, the participation right, supervision right and relief right are not guaranteed by the system respectively. The third part, rural homestead replacement in the protection of farmers' rights and interests of the legal recommendations. Firstly, the basic legal principle of realizing substantive relief by procedural relief and guaranteeing substantive justice by procedural justice is described. Secondly, from the angle of guaranteeing procedural justice, it puts forward legal suggestions, which are divided into three parts: the legal guarantee of farmers' right to participate, the legal guarantee of peasants' right of supervision, the legal guarantee of peasants' right to relief, and the countermeasures and suggestions respectively. Finally, some suggestions on legislation are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.32

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