發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 08:57

【摘要】：企業(yè)是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中最常見的組織形式之一。自企業(yè)產(chǎn)生以來,其組織形式不斷的發(fā)生變化,其經(jīng)營方式也在不斷變化。原始社會晚期,私有產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的萌芽使得生產(chǎn)組織發(fā)展為家庭組織,之后,封建社會晚期的手工工場標志著企業(yè)組織最初模式的誕生。工業(yè)革命之后,使用機器的工廠制度漸漸取代了手工工廠。隨后,信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展促進了市場的擴張,漸漸形成了現(xiàn)代工商企業(yè)�，F(xiàn)如今,經(jīng)濟全球化的趨勢更加的顯著,不僅如此,伴隨著網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展,由電子商務代表的虛擬企業(yè)也開始漸漸進入公眾的視野。企業(yè)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系密不可分,故而,在新的經(jīng)濟形勢下,如何理解企業(yè)的經(jīng)營應當成為我們思考的一個重要問題。 時間和空間是企業(yè)經(jīng)濟經(jīng)營活動存在的基本形式。因而從時空視角對企業(yè)經(jīng)營進行探究是十分有必要的。同時時空視角對企業(yè)經(jīng)營的探究也是較為新穎的一個研究,故而本文的創(chuàng)新點為本文的研究視角,即時空視角。此外,本文在現(xiàn)有的研究基礎上,運用經(jīng)濟時空理論框架中的非勻質(zhì)時間價值理論與位移鏈條理論對企業(yè)的經(jīng)營活動進行了細化分析。具體說來,本文在綜述了古典理論、新古典理論、馬克思及現(xiàn)代企業(yè)理論對企業(yè)的論述以及對有關(guān)企業(yè)經(jīng)營的論述之后,介紹了企業(yè)的類型和組織結(jié)構(gòu)。然后進入本文的理論分析部分,運用經(jīng)濟時空框架下的非勻質(zhì)時間價值理論和位移鏈條理論對企業(yè)的經(jīng)營活動進行分析。在運用非勻質(zhì)時間價值理論進行分析時,本文以價值鏈為切入點,分別分析了在價值鏈的研發(fā)階段、生產(chǎn)階段、發(fā)運階段、銷售階段以及售后階段,固化經(jīng)營時空關(guān)系如何能增進企業(yè)的價值；在運用位移鏈條理論對企業(yè)進行分析時,本文以供應鏈為切入點,研究供應鏈中的不確定性,即牛鞭效應對位移鏈條距離的影響,分析如何通過固化時空關(guān)系降低不確定性,進而縮短位移鏈條距離,從而降低企業(yè)的運營成本。在理論分析之后,本文進入案例實證分析部分,選取了代表全球化發(fā)展趨勢的跨國企業(yè)豐田以及代表電子商務發(fā)展趨勢的電商企業(yè)京東商城作為案例,運用時空理論進行分析,對時空視角下的企業(yè)經(jīng)營活動進行進一步探究。最終,在理論分析與案例分析的基礎上解答本文的研究問題,從時空視角來看,企業(yè)是通過不斷在不確定環(huán)境下固化自身時空關(guān)系來進行自身的經(jīng)營活動。
[Abstract]:Enterprise is one of the most common forms of organization in modern economy. Since the emergence of the enterprise, its organizational form has been constantly changing, and its management mode is also changing. In the late primitive society, the germinating of the private property right system made the production organization develop into the family organization. After that, the handicraft workshop in the late feudal society marked the birth of the initial mode of the enterprise organization. After the industrial revolution, the machine-using factory system gradually replaced the manual factory. Subsequently, the development of information technology promoted the expansion of the market and gradually formed a modern industrial and commercial enterprise. Nowadays, the trend of economic globalization is more remarkable, not only that, with the development of the network, the virtual enterprise represented by the electronic commerce has gradually entered the public view. The relationship between enterprises and economic development is inseparable. Therefore, under the new economic situation, how to understand the management of enterprises should become an important issue we think about. Time and space are the basic forms of the existence of enterprises' economic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the enterprise management from the angle of time and space. At the same time, the exploration of enterprise management from the perspective of time and space is also a relatively new research, so the innovation of this paper is the perspective of this research, namely the perspective of time and space. In addition, on the basis of existing research, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the business activities of enterprises by using the theory of non-homogeneous time value and the theory of displacement chain in the framework of economic space-time theory. Specifically, after summarizing the classical theory, neoclassical theory, Marx's and modern enterprise theory's exposition on the enterprise and the related enterprise's management, this paper introduces the enterprise's type and organization structure. Then enter into the theoretical analysis part of this paper, using the non-homogeneous time value theory and displacement chain theory under the framework of economic time and space to analyze the business activities of enterprises. In the application of the theory of non-homogeneous time value, this paper takes the value chain as the breakthrough point, analyzes the R & D stage, production stage, shipping stage, sales stage and after-sale stage of the value chain, respectively. How to solidify the space-time relationship of management can enhance the value of the enterprise, when using the theory of displacement chain to analyze the enterprise, this paper takes the supply chain as the breakthrough point to study the uncertainty in the supply chain, that is, the influence of bullwhip effect on the distance of the displacement chain. This paper analyzes how to reduce uncertainty and reduce the distance of displacement chain by solidifying space-time relationship, thus reducing the operating cost of enterprises. After the theoretical analysis, this article enters the case empirical analysis part, selects the multinational enterprise Toyota which represents the globalization development trend and the e-commerce enterprise JingDong Mall as the case, uses the time and space theory to carry on the analysis. To the time and space angle of view of the enterprise business activities to further explore. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and case analysis, this paper answers the research questions. From the point of view of time and space, enterprises carry out their own business activities by constantly solidifying their space-time relationship in uncertain environment.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F272.3

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