發(fā)布時間：2018-12-17 06:02

【摘要】：相互保險組織是具有互助合作性質(zhì)的特殊保險組織形式。我國允許和鼓勵發(fā)展相互保險組織形式,不僅豐富了保險行業(yè)的組織形式,而且充分滿足了不同層面保險消費者的保險保障需求,對于活躍和擴展保險市場有著重要意義。本文的研究包括了以下幾部分:第一部分以相互保險組織的定義和特征為基礎,對相互保險組織進行分類并分析其優(yōu)勢。發(fā)現(xiàn)相互保險組織的兩種形式——相互保險公司和相互社在治理結(jié)構、組織規(guī)模、經(jīng)營范圍、經(jīng)營模式等方面都有較大的不同。第二部分是研究相互保險公司和相互社的發(fā)展歷程,得出有利于我國發(fā)展相互保險的寶貴經(jīng)驗。在保險市場發(fā)展的初級階段,市場不成熟、消費者的保險意識較弱、保險公司經(jīng)營管理技術不夠先進,相互保險公司是培育保險市場的有效手段,因而出現(xiàn)了相互化現(xiàn)象;當保險市場在全球化的背景下發(fā)展,相互保險公司在與股份保險公司激烈競爭時,由于其增資融資難、不易擴大規(guī)模、經(jīng)營保守的先天缺陷導致非相互化的現(xiàn)象;即便如此,相互保險公司依舊能夠占據(jù)全球保險市場27%的份額,并且越來越趨于利基市場。尤其是金融危機之后,相互保險公司的低杠桿優(yōu)勢更被突顯出來,引發(fā)了新的再相互化趨勢。同時,相互保險社小而精,能在一定的領域內(nèi)發(fā)揮出較強的作用,在農(nóng)村地區(qū)能更充分地發(fā)揮保險互助共濟的社會效應。第三部分是研究我國相互保險的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題。以陽光農(nóng)業(yè)相互保險公司和慈溪市龍山鎮(zhèn)伏龍農(nóng)村保險互助社為例,分別歸納總結(jié)相互保險公司和相互保險社在我國的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和面臨的問題,主要問題是資金來源有限,運用渠道單一和制度不夠完善。同時,也對當下出現(xiàn)較多的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)互助平臺,以抗癌公社和E互助為例進行研究,認為互助平臺屬于“類相互”,并非相互保險組織的形式,在其發(fā)展過程中也存在監(jiān)管、可持續(xù)經(jīng)營、風險控制等問題。第四部分,針對以上總結(jié)出的相互保險發(fā)展存在的問題,提出相應的政策建議。對于相互保險公司的發(fā)展,提出拓寬資金來源渠道和有效加強監(jiān)管。對于相互社而言,提出積極培育公眾互助合作意識、加強人才隊伍建設和構建多層次的相互保險體系。同時,要積極應對“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的影響。
[Abstract]:Mutual insurance organization is a special form of insurance organization with the nature of mutual assistance and cooperation. China allows and encourages the development of mutual insurance organization, which not only enriches the organization of insurance industry, but also fully meets the insurance security needs of consumers at different levels, which is of great significance to active and expanding the insurance market. This paper includes the following parts: the first part classifies mutual insurance organizations and analyzes their advantages based on the definition and characteristics of mutual insurance organizations. It is found that the two forms of mutual insurance organizations, mutual insurance companies and mutual societies, have great differences in governance structure, organizational scale, business scope, business model, and so on. The second part is to study the development process of mutual insurance companies and mutual societies, and draw valuable experience for the development of mutual insurance in China. In the primary stage of the development of insurance market, the market is immature, the consumer's insurance consciousness is weak, the management technology of insurance company is not advanced enough, mutual insurance company is the effective means to cultivate the insurance market, so there appears the phenomenon of mutual transformation. When the insurance market develops under the background of globalization, mutual insurance companies are competing fiercely with the share insurance companies, because of the difficulty of increasing capital and financing, it is difficult to expand the scale, and the congenital defects of management conservatism lead to the phenomenon of non-mutual transformation. Even so, mutual insurance companies can still account for 27 percent of the global insurance market and are increasingly heading for niche markets. Especially after the financial crisis, the low-leverage advantage of mutual insurance companies is highlighted, which leads to a new trend of re-reciprocity. At the same time, the mutual insurance society is small and fine, can play a stronger role in a certain field, and can give full play to the social effect of mutual insurance mutual aid in rural areas. The third part is to study the development of mutual insurance in China and the existing problems. Taking the Sunshine Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company and the Fulong Rural Insurance Credit Association in Longshan Town of Cixi City as examples, this paper sums up the development status and problems faced by mutual insurance companies and mutual insurance societies in China, respectively. The main problem is the limited sources of funds. The application channel is single and the system is not perfect. At the same time, there are also more Internet mutual aid platforms. Taking anti-cancer communes and E mutual aid as examples, the authors think that mutual aid platforms are "mutual", not a form of mutual insurance organizations, and there are also regulations in their development. Sustainable management, risk control and other issues. The fourth part, in view of the above summary mutual insurance development existence question, proposed the corresponding policy proposal. For the development of mutual insurance companies, it is proposed to broaden the sources of funds and effectively strengthen supervision. For mutual societies, it is proposed to actively cultivate the public awareness of mutual assistance and cooperation, to strengthen the construction of talent ranks and to build a multi-level mutual insurance system. At the same time, we should actively deal with the impact of the "Internet".
【學位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F842.3

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