發(fā)布時間：2018-02-27 12:55

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碳排放配額 總量控制交易 供給機制 總量設(shè)定 配額分配 配額調(diào)整　出處：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：對任何一個碳排放交易體系來說,成功的關(guān)鍵在于通過碳排放配額供給機制,創(chuàng)造和維持排放配額的稀缺性,這決定著是否能實現(xiàn)有效減排和配額市場穩(wěn)定。本文圍繞如何設(shè)計有效的碳排放配額供給機制這一核心問題,通過經(jīng)濟學的理論方法與統(tǒng)計分析工具,提出并分析碳排放配額供給機制的構(gòu)成要素。主要觀點有:(1)碳排放配額供給機制包括配額的總量設(shè)定機制、配額的分配機制、配額的調(diào)整機制,三種機制分別代表配額的產(chǎn)生、分配和再分配;(2)配額的總量設(shè)定需要綜合考慮本國的經(jīng)濟增長和環(huán)境保護,以及國際減排公約,結(jié)合自身減排需要和國際減排壓力,制定本國的強度或絕對量減排目標,確定配額總量;(3)為保證排放限額制定的獨立性和抗干擾性,減少政策的尋租空間,應(yīng)由立法機構(gòu)制定排放配額限額總量,并輔以棘輪機制,可以隨著情況變化自動調(diào)整;(4)在主要的配額分配方式中,拍賣法是最具成本效率優(yōu)勢的分配方法,可以避免免費分配的復雜性和高成本,以及由此帶來的意外收益對交易體系的扭曲;(5)配額的調(diào)整機制是重要的配額再分配機制,對穩(wěn)定配額價格、適應(yīng)市場和減排政策變化、保證履約十分重要。對配額的調(diào)整可以從供給端和需求端分別進行,并以供給端的配額調(diào)整機制為主。配額調(diào)整機制的核心是界定合理的過剩配額數(shù)量范圍。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過研究對比歐盟ETS、澳大利亞ETS、加州ETS和東京都ETS四種有代表性的配額供給機制,以及中國七個試點省市的ETS實踐,提出我國碳排放配額供給機制應(yīng)分四個階段逐步走向完善。同時,以2030年碳排放達到峰值年為分界點。在達峰前,根據(jù)強度減排目標確定配額總量,分配以免費分配為主,逐步向拍賣過渡,并遞進式的設(shè)計靈活性機制;在達峰之后,根據(jù)絕對量減排目標確定配額總量,分配以拍賣為主,實施完善的靈活性機制。
[Abstract]:For any carbon trading system, the key to success is to create and maintain the scarcity of emissions quotas through the carbon quota supply mechanism. This determines whether effective emission reduction and quota market stability can be realized. This paper focuses on how to design an effective carbon emission quota supply mechanism through the theoretical methods of economics and statistical analysis tools. Put forward and analyze the elements of carbon emission quota supply mechanism. The main viewpoints are: 1) carbon emission quota supply mechanism includes total quota setting mechanism, quota allocation mechanism, quota adjusting mechanism, three mechanisms representing the production of quotas, respectively. The allocation and redistribution of the total amount of the quota need to take into account national economic growth and environmental protection, as well as international emission reduction conventions, and set national intensity or absolute emission reduction targets in the light of their own emission reduction needs and international emission reduction pressures, In order to ensure the independence and anti-interference of the emission quota formulation and reduce the rent-seeking space of the policy, it is necessary for the legislature to formulate the total amount of the emission quota quota, supplemented by the ratcheting mechanism. The auction method is the most cost-effective method of allocation, avoiding the complexity and high cost of free distribution. The adjustment mechanism of quota is an important mechanism of quota redistribution, which can stabilize quota price and adapt to market and emission reduction policy changes. The quota adjustment can be carried out separately from the supply side and the demand side, and the quota adjustment mechanism on the supply side is the main one. The core of the quota adjustment mechanism is to define the reasonable range of excess quota quantity. By studying and comparing the four representative quota supply mechanisms of European Union ETS, Australia ETS, California ETS and Tokyo Tokyo ETS, as well as the ETS practice in seven pilot provinces and cities in China, The paper puts forward that the supply mechanism of carbon emission quota in China should be perfected in four stages. At the same time, taking the peak year of carbon emissions in 2030 as the dividing point, before the peak, the total quantity of quota should be determined according to the intensity emission reduction target, and the distribution should be mainly free distribution. Step by step to auction, and progressive design flexibility mechanism; after the peak, according to the absolute emission reduction target to determine the total amount of quotas, allocation based on auction, the implementation of a complete flexibility mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X196;F831.5
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本文編號：1542761