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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：旅游懷舊及其影響因素研究　出處：《西南大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 旅游懷舊 旅游懷舊問卷 旅游動機 懷舊傾向 旅游動機問卷

【摘要】：懷舊是思念過去時復雜的心理狀態(tài),具有時間、情感、引發(fā)物等特征。當今社會隨著現(xiàn)代化的加快,人們的學習、工作和日常生活的方方面面都與過去越來越不相同,因而懷舊也常常出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代人們的生活中：人們懷念簡單的生活,追求粗茶淡飯,對綠色食品需求的增加；人們懷念古樸的風格,追求服飾返古、家居裝飾綠色化；人們懷念過去的藝術(shù),攝影界的“黑白藝術(shù)”和“老照片”,音樂界的老歌翻唱,電視、廣播里的“難忘金曲”和“老歌回顧”,建筑界的“老房子”系列,文學界的“懷舊系列叢書”,影視界的“經(jīng)典老片新拍”等不斷涌現(xiàn)在人們的視野中。此外還有另一個重要的懷舊途徑——旅游,人們既可以在緊張生活中得到休閑,又可以感受到懷舊,懷舊成為旅游中不可忽視的主題。如今,越來越多的古城、古鎮(zhèn)、古街道成為旅游的熱點目的地,人們越來越青睞先輩們留給我們的這些遺產(chǎn),當過去的景物成為重要的旅游資源時,探尋人們?yōu)楹芜M行這一類旅游的原因變得很有必要。 本研究的目的在于探尋人們在旅游中的懷舊具有什么樣的特點?怎樣測量人們的旅游懷舊心理?哪些因素會影響人們在旅游中的懷舊?這些問題是本研究所要解答的問題。 本研究由4個部分,6個子研究組成。第一部分通過對相關(guān)概念的解釋和文獻的綜述,提出本研究需要解決的問題。第二部分為旅游懷舊問卷的編制,包含2個子研究。子研究1通過內(nèi)容分析的方法對網(wǎng)絡(luò)宣傳信息和個人旅游記錄進行研究,確定旅游懷舊相關(guān)特征。子研究2在子研究1的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合文獻綜述和訪談,開發(fā)包含兩維度的旅游懷舊問卷。第三部分探討了影響旅游懷舊的因素,共有4個子研究,子研究3采用自編的旅游懷舊問卷進行調(diào)查研究,考察旅游懷舊的現(xiàn)狀特點以及人口學變量及其相關(guān)因素對旅游懷舊的影響。子研究4通過文獻綜述和訪談開發(fā)旅游動機問卷,并面向景點進行調(diào)查研究,探討了旅游動機對旅游懷舊的影響。子研究5結(jié)合眼動實驗探討了懷舊傾向?qū)β糜螒雅f的認知偏向和情感的影響。子研究6探討了懷舊傾向?qū)β糜螒雅f行為意向的影響。第四部分為總的討論和結(jié)論,對旅游懷舊的特點及其影響因素進行探討。 通過上述系列研究,得到以下主要結(jié)論： 1、旅游懷舊可分為兩種類型：個人懷舊和歷史懷舊。個人懷舊是個體對過去真實經(jīng)歷的懷念,以個人自傳體記憶為基礎(chǔ),具有直接性、真實性；其懷舊的內(nèi)容主要是個人過去經(jīng)歷的事件,同自己有關(guān)系的人和物,個人經(jīng)歷過的場景以及生命中過去的時光；主要由個人經(jīng)歷的場景和熟悉的物品所引發(fā)。歷史懷舊是個體對沒有經(jīng)歷過的過去,甚至是出生以前的過去的懷念,具有間接性、想象性；其懷舊的內(nèi)容主要是過去人們生活的場景,歷史上發(fā)生的事件或者是特定的歷史年代的記憶；主要由古建筑、歷史的場景以及相關(guān)的人、事、物所引發(fā)。 2、編制的旅游懷舊問卷包括個人懷舊和歷史懷舊兩個維度,問卷具有較好的信度和效度,符合心理測量學的要求,是測量旅游懷舊的一種較好工具。 3、景點類型對旅游懷舊有影響。不同景點游客的旅游懷舊存在顯著的差異,自然風景類游客具有較高的個人懷舊水平,紅色旅游景點的游客具有較高的歷史懷舊水平。 4、旅游方式對旅游懷舊有影響,團隊旅游游客的旅游懷舊顯著高于自由行的游客。 5、旅游動機與旅游懷舊呈顯著正相關(guān),旅游動機中重溫往昔、個人發(fā)展和愉悅身心三因素能夠較好地預測總體旅游懷舊水平以及個人懷舊的水平,而個人發(fā)展、重溫往昔和了解文化三因素能夠較好的預測歷史懷舊的水平。 6、懷舊傾向與旅游懷舊呈顯著正相關(guān),進一步的實驗研究表明懷舊傾向會影響旅游懷舊的認知方式、情感和行為意向。表現(xiàn)為較之低懷舊傾向的個體,高懷舊傾向個體會更多地關(guān)注黑白色和黃顏色的景點圖片,在觀看具有懷舊屬性的景點圖片后情緒激活程度更高,同時會更多的選擇具有高懷舊屬性的景點去旅游。 本研究對旅游中懷舊心理的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)進行研究,開發(fā)了評價旅游懷舊的標準化工具,對影響旅游懷舊心理的相關(guān)因素進行了初步的探討。并采用質(zhì)性和量化方法相結(jié)合的內(nèi)容分析法進行研究,同時采用眼動儀器記錄個體對具有懷舊屬性景點圖片的注意特點。研究中編制的旅游懷舊問卷和旅游動機問卷可作為基礎(chǔ)的研究工具,研究得到的旅游懷舊現(xiàn)狀特點及其影響因素,可以供以懷舊為主題的旅游景點建設(shè)參考。 目前的研究只是揭示旅游中懷舊心理的—部分,還存在大量的問題,有待在以后的研究中改進。未來研究的可以結(jié)合懷舊的情感特征,從更多的視角認識旅游懷舊。擴大調(diào)查研究的范圍,進一步深入探討旅游懷舊的影響因素以及心理機制,并且可以采用認知神經(jīng)科學范式研究旅游懷舊的腦機制。
[Abstract]:Nostalgia is missing past complex psychological state, with time, emotion, triggers and other features. With today's social modernization accelerated, people's learning, work and all aspects of daily life are more and more with the past is not the same, so nostalgic often appear in modern people's life, people miss the simple life. The pursuit of homely fare, increasing demand for green food; people miss the simple style, the pursuit of fashion to ancient decoration, Home Furnishing green; people miss the past art photography "black art" and "old photo", music cover songs, TV, radio "unforgettable songs" and "songs review" architectural "old house" series, the literary circles "nostalgia series, film and television industry" classic films in the new film "are emerging in people's field of vision. In addition, there is another important Nostalgic way of tourism, people can get nervous in leisure life, but also can feel the nostalgia, nostalgia has become a tourist theme can not be ignored. Nowadays, more and more of the ancient city, ancient town, ancient street has become a hot tourist destination, these people are getting more and more popular heritage of our ancestors left, when the past the scene has become an important tourism resources, explore the reason why people of this type of tourism is very necessary.
The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of nostalgia in tourism. How to measure people's nostalgia psychology? What factors affect people's nostalgia in tourism? These are the questions that this research will answer.
This study is composed of 4 parts, 6 sub studies. The first part summarized through the relevant concepts and literature, this study proposes the problems need to be solved. The second part is the compilation of tourism nostalgia questionnaire, the 2 study included 1 research methods. By analyzing the content of the publicity of network information and personal travel records study the tourist nostalgia related features. 2 in sub study 1 basic research, combined with literature review and interviews, including two dimensions of tourism development. The third part discusses the nostalgia questionnaire of influential factors of tourism nostalgia, a total of 4 sub study, 3 sub study using a self-designed questionnaire of nostalgic tourism the effects of tourism, nostalgic characteristics and demographic variables and related factors on Tourism nostalgia. Sub study by literature review and interview 4 tourism development motivation, and oriented attractions for adjustment The investigation, discusses the impact of tourism motivation on Tourism nostalgia. Sub study to investigate the effect of 5 with the eye movement experiment of nostalgic nostalgic tourism cognitive bias and emotion. To investigate the effect of 6 sub study on the behavioral intention of nostalgia nostalgia tourism. The fourth part is the general discussion and conclusion, discusses the characteristics and influencing factors on the tourism nostalgia.
Through the series of studies mentioned above, the following main conclusions are obtained:
1, nostalgic tourism can be divided into two types: personal nostalgia and historical nostalgia. Personal nostalgia of the past is the individual real experience in personal memory, autobiographical memory based, has direct, its authenticity; nostalgia is the main content of past personal experience, their relationship with the people and things, man experienced in life scenes and the past time; caused mainly by personal experience and familiar with the scene objects. Historical nostalgia is the individual has not experienced in the past, even before the birth of the past, is indirect, like; the nostalgia is the main content of the past people life scene. The events of history or specific historical memory; mainly by ancient buildings, historical scenes and related people, things, things triggered.
2, the compilation of tourism nostalgia questionnaire includes two dimensions of personal nostalgia and historical nostalgia. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, accords with the requirements of psychometrics, and is a good tool for measuring nostalgia in tourism.
3, scenic spots have an impact on Tourism nostalgia. There are significant differences in tourist nostalgia among different scenic spots. Natural scenery tourists have higher personal nostalgia level, and tourists from red scenic spots have higher nostalgia level.
4, the mode of tourism has an impact on the nostalgia of tourism, and the tourist nostalgia of the team tourist is significantly higher than that of the free traveler.
5, tourism motivation was positively correlated with the tourism nostalgia, tourism motivation to relive the past, personal development and physical and mental pleasure three factors can predict the overall level of tourism and the level of personal nostalgia nostalgia, and personal development, back to the old days and understanding of cultural three factors can predict the level of historical nostalgia.
6, nostalgia was positively correlated with the tourism nostalgia, further experimental studies show that cognitive style will affect tourism nostalgia nostalgia, emotion and behavior intention. As compared with low nostalgia proneness individuals experience a high nostalgic tendency to pay more attention to the black and white and yellow color pictures, watching with pictures nostalgic attraction attribute emotional activation degree is higher, and has high property more choice of attractions of nostalgia to travel.
The research on the content and structure of psychological nostalgia of tourism, standardized tools and evaluation of tourism related factors on the impact of nostalgia, nostalgia tourism were discussed. And by using qualitative and quantitative methods combined with content analysis method to study the eye movement recording instrument has the characteristics of individual attention nostalgic attribute pictures. Research the attractions in the establishment of the tourism and tourism motivation questionnaire questionnaire nostalgia can be used as the basis, characteristics and influence factors of tourism status of nostalgia, for nostalgia themed construction of tourist attractions.
The present study is part of the nostalgia tourism reveals that there is still a lot of problems need to be improved in the future research. The future research can be combined with the emotional characteristics of nostalgia, nostalgia awareness tourism from more perspectives. Expand the scope of investigation and study, further probe into tourism nostalgia factor and psychological mechanism. And can be used in cognitive neuroscience research paradigm of brain mechanism tourism nostalgia.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F590

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