發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-18 04:09

  本文選題：船舶油氣　切入點(diǎn)：爆燃火災(zāi)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來國家海洋戰(zhàn)略的大力實(shí)施及建設(shè)強(qiáng)大的現(xiàn)代化海軍的需求,我國船舶行業(yè)進(jìn)入了新一輪快速發(fā)展時(shí)期。船舶機(jī)艙內(nèi)眾多的管道油路中含有大量可燃油氣,加之機(jī)艙內(nèi)的高溫環(huán)境,一旦發(fā)生管道泄漏,極易發(fā)生局部點(diǎn)火爆燃進(jìn)而在各種設(shè)備的擾動(dòng)作用下大大增強(qiáng)火災(zāi)危害,造成重大人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,使之成為船舶安全的重要威脅之一。故研究障礙物對船舶油氣爆燃火災(zāi)的加強(qiáng)機(jī)制,對于預(yù)防和控制船舶油氣爆燃火災(zāi)具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文在總結(jié)油氣爆燃規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,通過熱力學(xué)、燃燒動(dòng)力學(xué)和氣體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,提煉出物理與數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過CFD軟件結(jié)合大渦模擬方法進(jìn)行求解,以期獲得一般性規(guī)律和方法。首先,本文研究了障礙物因素對船舶油氣爆燃火災(zāi)特征參數(shù)的影響,爆燃火焰的壓力隨著障礙物阻塞率的增加而先增加后減小,同時(shí)爆燃火焰的速度隨著阻塞率的增加而一直增加;增加障礙物厚度對火焰速度的影響從不變到逐漸變慢,火焰壓力先增加后減小;不斷增加的障礙物數(shù)量使爆燃火焰的速度及壓力都不斷增加;在障礙物分布間距的研究中,不斷增加的首距使火焰壓力與速度都不斷增加,在接近障礙物內(nèi)徑的第二間距處取到了最大的火焰速度,同時(shí)火焰壓力隨著第二間距的增加而一直增加,分析結(jié)果表明障礙物誘導(dǎo)的湍流與火焰間的正反饋?zhàn)饔檬钦系K物加強(qiáng)油氣爆燃的根本原因。其次,本文再對通道因素對船舶油氣爆燃火災(zāi)特征參數(shù)的影響進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步探討,隨著通道長度的增加,火焰壓力及速度都增加并趨于收斂;在同阻塞率條件下不斷增加通道直徑時(shí),火焰壓力及速度都大幅降低;在通道不同位置點(diǎn)火時(shí),點(diǎn)火點(diǎn)左側(cè)火焰鋒面向左波動(dòng)傳播,火焰壓力和速度呈現(xiàn)較大差別。最終結(jié)果表明障礙物和通道對油氣爆燃都有重要影響。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of national marine strategy and the demand of building a powerful modern navy in recent years, China's shipbuilding industry has entered a new period of rapid development. There are a lot of combustible oil and gas in many pipeline routes in the ship cabin. In addition to the high temperature environment in the engine room, once the pipeline leaks, it is easy to ignite local fire and deflagration, which greatly enhances the fire hazard under the disturbance of various equipment, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the strengthening mechanism of obstacles to oil and gas deflagration fire in ship, which is of great practical significance to prevent and control the oil and gas deflagration fire in ships. Based on the summary of the laws of oil and gas deflagration, this paper summarizes the rules of oil and gas deflagration. Through thermodynamics, combustion dynamics and gas dynamics analysis, the physical and mathematical models are abstracted and solved by CFD software combined with the large eddy simulation method in order to obtain the general laws and methods. In this paper, the influence of obstacle factors on the characteristic parameters of ship oil / gas deflagration fire is studied. The pressure of deflagration flame increases first and then decreases with the increase of blockage rate, and the velocity of deflagration flame increases with the increase of blockage rate. The influence of increasing the thickness of obstacles on the flame velocity changes from constant to slow, the flame pressure increases first and then decreases; the increasing number of obstacles increases the velocity and pressure of deflagration flame; in the study of the distance between obstacles, With the increasing of the first distance, the flame pressure and velocity are increased, the maximum flame velocity is obtained at the second distance near the inner diameter of the obstacle, and the flame pressure increases with the increase of the second distance. The results show that the direct feedback between the turbulence induced by obstacles and the flame is the fundamental reason for the enhancement of hydrocarbon deflagration. Secondly, the influence of the passage factor on the characteristic parameters of the ship's oil and gas deflagration fire is further discussed in this paper. With the increase of channel length, the flame pressure and velocity increase and converge. When the diameter of the channel increases with the increase of channel diameter, the flame pressure and velocity decrease significantly. The flame pressure and velocity of the left flame-front fluctuate and propagate to the left, and the final results show that obstacles and channels have important effects on the deflagration of oil and gas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U698

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