小分子化合物，電化學(xué)活性菌及納米材料間的電子傳遞機(jī)制及應(yīng)用拓展
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 12:47
【摘要】：由于全球的能源危機(jī)和污染控制,可再生潔凈能源是人類未來可持續(xù)發(fā)展的最佳選擇。因此本論文對電化學(xué)活性菌(EAB)和可見光驅(qū)動(dòng)的光催化光解水制氫體系進(jìn)行研究。EAB是環(huán)境中普遍存在的,并在生物地球化學(xué),環(huán)境修復(fù)以及生物能源產(chǎn)電等領(lǐng)域起到重要作用。進(jìn)二十年來,對于EAB的胞外電子傳遞(EET)機(jī)制方面有大量研究,到目前為止,普遍認(rèn)為EAB將胞外電子傳遞到胞外的固體電子受體有三種可能的途徑：(a)直接接觸的電子傳遞；(b)胞外可溶性電子媒介；(c)導(dǎo)電納米線或者導(dǎo)電鞭毛。通過對于EAB胞外電子傳遞機(jī)制的研究和闡明,對于檢測和定量EAB的胞外電子轉(zhuǎn)移能力有明確的指導(dǎo)作用,并對增強(qiáng)EAB在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用提供理論基礎(chǔ)。本論文對EAB、納米材料以及小分子化合物間的電子和能量傳遞過程,開展了一系列工作,主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下。 1.通過對EAB與可溶性媒介類熒光探針核黃素小分子之間的電子轉(zhuǎn)移的研究,建立了一種快速、原位和高靈敏的熒光方法來檢測EAB,并量化EAB的胞外電子傳遞能力。此方法被成功用于定量兩株模式EAB的平均胞外電子傳遞能力(Shewanella oneidensis MR-1,1.32±0.04fA; Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1,9.08±0.23fA)。此方法也通過定量并比較Shewanella野生型和突變株的平均胞外電子傳遞能力,從分子生物學(xué)水平上快速的鑒定了與胞外電子傳遞相關(guān)的基因。 2.碳材料被廣泛的用于生物電化學(xué)體系中的電極材料,但是在長期連續(xù)的運(yùn)行過程中,微生物趨向于粘附在碳材料電極表面上并形成厚并且致密的生物膜,這將限制電子和營養(yǎng)物在微生物-電極界面的傳質(zhì)。通過采用修飾W03納米棒的碳紙電極作為微生物燃料電池的陽極,Shewanella oneidensis MR-1作為陽極接種產(chǎn)電微生物,這種新型的電極材料能夠完全抑制Shewanella oneidensis MR-1生物膜的生長,并且展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越的電化學(xué)性能和對電子媒介核黃素的強(qiáng)的電化學(xué)響應(yīng)。這兩個(gè)因素結(jié)合起來能促成這種新型電極材料對于懸浮的Shewanella oneidensis MR-1胞外的電子的連續(xù)穩(wěn)定的攝取。這導(dǎo)致在長期運(yùn)行過程當(dāng)中以修飾W03納米捧的碳紙電極為陽極的微生物燃料電池比純碳紙電極以及修飾W03納米顆粒的碳紙電極的微生物燃料電池展現(xiàn)出更穩(wěn)定的性能。此項(xiàng)工作表明W03納米棒在實(shí)際生物電化學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新型抗生物污染材料中有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。 3.有研究表明通過自組裝方法在金電極上修飾羧基終端的烷硫醇單分子層能夠有效的提高EAB與電極表面的電子轉(zhuǎn)移,但是這種增強(qiáng)機(jī)制仍然很難弄清楚。本工作通過自組裝方式在真空濺射金電極表面修飾巰基乙酸與巰基乙氨單分子層,獲得Au-COOH以及Au-NH2。并在微生物電解池(MEC)體系里以Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1為陽極產(chǎn)電微生物,分別以Au-COOH, Au-NH2以及Au作為的陽極對電解池的性能進(jìn)行比較。此外,三種電極的電化學(xué)性能和電極表面與細(xì)菌之間的相互作用也進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明,Au-NH2具有最優(yōu)越的電化學(xué)性能,MEC體系里,Au-COOH都產(chǎn)生了比Au高的電流密度。Au-NH2表Au-COOH面形成的生物膜比Au表面的更稠密,然而表面形成的生物膜比Au表Au-NH2面的更厚。這些都表明直接電子傳遞在這個(gè)過程中起到的重要作用。這項(xiàng)工作表明羧基和氨基官能團(tuán)能夠通過加速EAB與電極之間的直接EET以提升電極的性能。4.光解水制氫氣這種潔凈能源的需求推動(dòng)了高效的光催化系統(tǒng)的快速發(fā)展。 本工作報(bào)道了一種低成本,易制備,環(huán)境友好的可見光催化的光解水制氫系統(tǒng)。此系統(tǒng)包括氧雜蒽染料和無機(jī)Ni(Ⅱ)或者Co(Ⅱ)鹽的三乙醇胺水溶液。通過加入2-巰基乙醇作為表面活性劑能有效提高系統(tǒng)制氫的效率和穩(wěn)定性。光催化產(chǎn)氫的結(jié)果,透射電鏡以及電催化產(chǎn)氫反應(yīng)測試結(jié)果顯示此體系的產(chǎn)氫催化中心是原位形成的Ni系或者Co系的納米顆粒。動(dòng)態(tài)光散射結(jié)果表明巰基乙醇增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)氫的機(jī)制是通過穩(wěn)定非均相的Ni系或者Co系納米顆粒催化劑。
[Abstract]:Because of the global energy crisis and pollution control, renewable clean energy is the best choice for the sustainable development of mankind in the future. Therefore, this paper studies electrochemical active bacteria (EAB) and visible light-driven photocatalytic photolysis system for hydrogen production from water. EAB is ubiquitous in the environment, and exists in biogeochemistry, environmental remediation and bioenergy. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism of EAB has been studied extensively in the past 20 years. Up to now, it is generally believed that there are three possible ways for EAB to transfer extracellular electrons to extracellular solid electron receptors: (a) direct contact electron transfer; (b) extracellular soluble electron mediators; (c) conduction. Electron nanowires or conductive flagellates. Through the study and elucidation of the mechanism of extracellular electron transfer of EAB, it has a clear guiding role for the detection and quantification of extracellular electron transfer ability of EAB, and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the application of EAB in the field of environment. This paper will focus on the electrons and energy between EAB, nanomaterials and small molecular compounds. A series of works have been carried out. The main research contents and results are as follows.
1. A rapid, in situ and highly sensitive fluorescence method was developed to detect EAB and quantify the extracellular electron transfer capacity of EAB. This method was successfully used to quantify the average extracellular electron transfer capacity (Shewanella oneid) of two model EABs. By quantifying and comparing the average extracellular electron transport capacity of wild-type and mutant Shewanella strains, the genes related to extracellular electron transport were identified rapidly from the molecular biological level.
2. Carbon materials are widely used as electrode materials in bioelectrochemical systems. However, during long-term continuous operation, microorganisms tend to adhere to the surface of carbon electrode and form thick and dense biofilm, which will limit the mass transfer of electrons and nutrients at the microbial-electrode interface. Carbon modified W03 nanorods are used. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as the anode of microbial fuel cell and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as the anode inoculated with electricity-producing microorganisms, this new electrode material can completely inhibit the growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm, and exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and strong electrochemical response to electron-mediated riboflavin. The combination of elements contributes to the continuous and stable uptake of electrons from suspended Schwanella oneidensis MR-1 cells by this novel electrode material, which results in the long-term operation of microbial fuel cells using modified W03 nano-sized carbon paper electrode as anode compared with pure carbon paper electrode and modified W03 nano-particle carbon paper electrode. Microbial fuel cells exhibit more stable performance. This work shows that W03 nanorods have a wide range of applications in the field of bioelectrochemistry as novel anti-biofouling materials.
3. It has been shown that the modification of carboxyl terminal alkanethiol monolayer on gold electrode by self-assembly method can effectively improve the electron transfer between EAB and electrode surface, but the enhancement mechanism is still difficult to clarify. Au-COOH and Au-NH2 were obtained. The electrochemical performance of the three electrodes and the interaction between the electrode surface and bacteria were compared in the microbial electrolytic cell (MEC) system using Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1 as anode and Au-COOH, Au-NH2 and Au as anode respectively. The results show that Au-NH2 has the best electrochemical performance. In MEC system, Au-COOH produces a higher current density than Au. The Au-COOH surface of Au-NH2 forms a denser biofilm than Au surface, whereas the biofilm formed on the surface is thicker than Au-NH2 surface. This work shows that carboxyl and amino groups can improve the performance of electrodes by accelerating the direct EET between EAB and electrodes. 4. The need for clean energy such as water photolysis to produce hydrogen promotes the rapid development of efficient photocatalytic systems.
A low-cost, easy-to-prepare and environmentally friendly visible-light photocatalytic system for hydrogen production from water by photolysis is reported. The system consists of aqueous triethanolamine solutions of oxanthracene dyes and inorganic Ni (II) or Co (II) salts. The efficiency and stability of hydrogen production can be effectively improved by adding 2-mercaptoethanol as a surfactant. The results of transmission electron microscopy and electrocatalytic hydrogen production showed that the catalytic center of the system was in-situ Ni-based or Co-based nanoparticles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：O641;TB383.1
本文編號(hào)：2191694
[Abstract]:Because of the global energy crisis and pollution control, renewable clean energy is the best choice for the sustainable development of mankind in the future. Therefore, this paper studies electrochemical active bacteria (EAB) and visible light-driven photocatalytic photolysis system for hydrogen production from water. EAB is ubiquitous in the environment, and exists in biogeochemistry, environmental remediation and bioenergy. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism of EAB has been studied extensively in the past 20 years. Up to now, it is generally believed that there are three possible ways for EAB to transfer extracellular electrons to extracellular solid electron receptors: (a) direct contact electron transfer; (b) extracellular soluble electron mediators; (c) conduction. Electron nanowires or conductive flagellates. Through the study and elucidation of the mechanism of extracellular electron transfer of EAB, it has a clear guiding role for the detection and quantification of extracellular electron transfer ability of EAB, and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the application of EAB in the field of environment. This paper will focus on the electrons and energy between EAB, nanomaterials and small molecular compounds. A series of works have been carried out. The main research contents and results are as follows.
1. A rapid, in situ and highly sensitive fluorescence method was developed to detect EAB and quantify the extracellular electron transfer capacity of EAB. This method was successfully used to quantify the average extracellular electron transfer capacity (Shewanella oneid) of two model EABs. By quantifying and comparing the average extracellular electron transport capacity of wild-type and mutant Shewanella strains, the genes related to extracellular electron transport were identified rapidly from the molecular biological level.
2. Carbon materials are widely used as electrode materials in bioelectrochemical systems. However, during long-term continuous operation, microorganisms tend to adhere to the surface of carbon electrode and form thick and dense biofilm, which will limit the mass transfer of electrons and nutrients at the microbial-electrode interface. Carbon modified W03 nanorods are used. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as the anode of microbial fuel cell and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as the anode inoculated with electricity-producing microorganisms, this new electrode material can completely inhibit the growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm, and exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and strong electrochemical response to electron-mediated riboflavin. The combination of elements contributes to the continuous and stable uptake of electrons from suspended Schwanella oneidensis MR-1 cells by this novel electrode material, which results in the long-term operation of microbial fuel cells using modified W03 nano-sized carbon paper electrode as anode compared with pure carbon paper electrode and modified W03 nano-particle carbon paper electrode. Microbial fuel cells exhibit more stable performance. This work shows that W03 nanorods have a wide range of applications in the field of bioelectrochemistry as novel anti-biofouling materials.
3. It has been shown that the modification of carboxyl terminal alkanethiol monolayer on gold electrode by self-assembly method can effectively improve the electron transfer between EAB and electrode surface, but the enhancement mechanism is still difficult to clarify. Au-COOH and Au-NH2 were obtained. The electrochemical performance of the three electrodes and the interaction between the electrode surface and bacteria were compared in the microbial electrolytic cell (MEC) system using Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1 as anode and Au-COOH, Au-NH2 and Au as anode respectively. The results show that Au-NH2 has the best electrochemical performance. In MEC system, Au-COOH produces a higher current density than Au. The Au-COOH surface of Au-NH2 forms a denser biofilm than Au surface, whereas the biofilm formed on the surface is thicker than Au-NH2 surface. This work shows that carboxyl and amino groups can improve the performance of electrodes by accelerating the direct EET between EAB and electrodes. 4. The need for clean energy such as water photolysis to produce hydrogen promotes the rapid development of efficient photocatalytic systems.
A low-cost, easy-to-prepare and environmentally friendly visible-light photocatalytic system for hydrogen production from water by photolysis is reported. The system consists of aqueous triethanolamine solutions of oxanthracene dyes and inorganic Ni (II) or Co (II) salts. The efficiency and stability of hydrogen production can be effectively improved by adding 2-mercaptoethanol as a surfactant. The results of transmission electron microscopy and electrocatalytic hydrogen production showed that the catalytic center of the system was in-situ Ni-based or Co-based nanoparticles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：O641;TB383.1
【共引文獻(xiàn)】
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，本文編號(hào)：2191694
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