基于QPD的多自由度光學測頭研發(fā)及應用
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-20 10:07
【摘要】：隨著科學研究的發(fā)展,科學實驗和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對多自由度測量技術提出了高精度和適用性的需求。多自由度測量技術已非一般機械式傳感器所能解決,目前廣泛研究的多自由度測量系統(tǒng)如激光干涉儀等由于成本高昂、體積大、裝配復雜等原因限制了其廣泛應用,因此設計出一種造價低、結(jié)構簡單、體積小、精度高的多自由度誤差測量傳感器顯得十分必要。本文在國家自然科學基金重大項目“功能形面結(jié)構與性能的耦合建模與影響機理研究”(項目編號:51490660/51490661)的支持下,研究一種基于QPD組件和半導體激光器的光學非接觸式測量裝置,最多能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)四個自由度誤差(X、Y方向直線度誤差、偏擺角和俯仰角)的同時測量。本文首先闡述了國內(nèi)外在多自由度測量傳感器研究領域的發(fā)展狀況,對基于各種測量方法的多自由度測量技術進行了比較。然后設計了基于光電自準直原理的四個自由度誤差(X、Y方向直線度誤差、偏擺角和俯仰角)的同時測量系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)在自準直原理的基礎上分離出了一束測量二維位移的基準光束。分析了角度測量對位移測量的誤差影響,并提出了解決的辦法,實現(xiàn)誤差分離。根據(jù)方案搭建了相應的光路、設計了合理的機械結(jié)構、完成了硬件電路和上位機軟件的編寫。通過對傳感器的標定試驗,X方向和Y方向位移在±200μm范圍內(nèi)測量精度在1μm左右,偏擺角的測量精度能夠達到2″,俯仰角的測量精度能夠達到3″(在800″量程范圍內(nèi))。此外還建立了角度偏轉(zhuǎn)對位移影響的誤差模型,實現(xiàn)了位移測量和角度測量的誤差分離。最后將標定好的傳感器用于測量機床主軸系統(tǒng)的熱誤差實驗當中。
[Abstract]:With the development of scientific research, scientific experiments and industrial production require high accuracy and applicability of multi-degree-of-freedom measurement technology. The measurement technology of multi-degree of freedom can not be solved by general mechanical sensor. At present, the widely studied multi-degree of freedom measurement system, such as laser interferometer, is widely used because of its high cost, large volume and complicated assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to design a low cost, simple structure, small volume and high precision multi-degree-of-freedom error measurement sensor. This paper is supported by the important project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the Coupling Modeling and influence Mechanism of the structure and performance of functional surfaces" (Project No.: 51490660 / 51490661). An optical non-contact measuring device based on QPD module and semiconductor laser is studied. It can realize simultaneous measurement of four degrees of freedom errors (XY direction straightness error, deflection angle and pitch angle) at most. In this paper, the development of multi-degree-of-freedom measurement sensors at home and abroad is described, and the multi-degree of freedom measurement techniques based on various measurement methods are compared. Based on the principle of photoelectric autocollimation, the simultaneous measurement system of four degrees of freedom errors (XY direction straightness error, deflection angle and pitch angle) is designed. Based on the principle of autocollimation, a reference beam for measuring two-dimensional displacement has been separated. The influence of angle measurement on displacement measurement error is analyzed, and the solution is put forward to realize error separation. According to the scheme, the corresponding optical circuit is built, the reasonable mechanical structure is designed, and the hardware circuit and upper computer software are written. Through the calibration test of the sensor, the measuring accuracy of the displacement in the X and Y directions is about 1 渭 m in the range of 鹵200 渭 m, the accuracy of the yaw angle can reach 2 ", and the measurement accuracy of the pitch angle can reach 3" (within 800 "range). In addition, the error model of the influence of angle deflection on displacement is established, and the error separation between displacement measurement and angle measurement is realized. Finally, the calibrated sensor is used to measure the thermal error of machine tool spindle system.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH744.5
本文編號：2387840
[Abstract]:With the development of scientific research, scientific experiments and industrial production require high accuracy and applicability of multi-degree-of-freedom measurement technology. The measurement technology of multi-degree of freedom can not be solved by general mechanical sensor. At present, the widely studied multi-degree of freedom measurement system, such as laser interferometer, is widely used because of its high cost, large volume and complicated assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to design a low cost, simple structure, small volume and high precision multi-degree-of-freedom error measurement sensor. This paper is supported by the important project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the Coupling Modeling and influence Mechanism of the structure and performance of functional surfaces" (Project No.: 51490660 / 51490661). An optical non-contact measuring device based on QPD module and semiconductor laser is studied. It can realize simultaneous measurement of four degrees of freedom errors (XY direction straightness error, deflection angle and pitch angle) at most. In this paper, the development of multi-degree-of-freedom measurement sensors at home and abroad is described, and the multi-degree of freedom measurement techniques based on various measurement methods are compared. Based on the principle of photoelectric autocollimation, the simultaneous measurement system of four degrees of freedom errors (XY direction straightness error, deflection angle and pitch angle) is designed. Based on the principle of autocollimation, a reference beam for measuring two-dimensional displacement has been separated. The influence of angle measurement on displacement measurement error is analyzed, and the solution is put forward to realize error separation. According to the scheme, the corresponding optical circuit is built, the reasonable mechanical structure is designed, and the hardware circuit and upper computer software are written. Through the calibration test of the sensor, the measuring accuracy of the displacement in the X and Y directions is about 1 渭 m in the range of 鹵200 渭 m, the accuracy of the yaw angle can reach 2 ", and the measurement accuracy of the pitch angle can reach 3" (within 800 "range). In addition, the error model of the influence of angle deflection on displacement is established, and the error separation between displacement measurement and angle measurement is realized. Finally, the calibrated sensor is used to measure the thermal error of machine tool spindle system.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH744.5
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