發(fā)布時間：2017-12-28 03:36

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：菌渣施用下土壤—作物系統(tǒng)重金屬含量變化及環(huán)境風險評價　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 菌渣 土壤—作物系統(tǒng) 重金屬含量 環(huán)境風險評價

【摘要】：菌渣肥料化作為一種新的有機肥利用方式,一方面解決了閑置菌渣面源污染的環(huán)境問題,另一方面推動了循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)的長效發(fā)展。本研究通過施用菌渣有機肥進行“小麥—水稻”輪作的田間試驗,探討不同菌渣施用量對土壤和作物重金屬的影響,采用潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法對農(nóng)田土壤重金屬進行環(huán)境風險評價,采用單因子污染指數(shù)法和內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法對作物籽粒重金屬進行污染風險評價,以期為菌渣有機肥的合理施用和農(nóng)業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)提供依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)小麥季與水稻季農(nóng)田土壤中的四種重金屬含量均低于中國土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標準限值,屬于未受重金屬污染的安全范圍。在稻麥兩季,不同施肥處理耕層土壤Cd、Cu、Pb含量差異不顯著(p0.05),在FF1處理時,稻麥兩季農(nóng)田土壤的Cd、Pb、Zn含量為各施肥處理中最低,土壤Cd含量在各施肥處理中處于較低水平。其中,小麥季農(nóng)田土壤的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量較CF處理分別減少了7.3%、3.9%、1.4%和0.9%,水稻季農(nóng)田土壤的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量較CF處理分別減少了6.8%、4.7%、1.9%和1.4%。稻麥兩季CK處理和菌渣還田各處理的土壤Cd、Cu、Pb可提取態(tài)系數(shù)均小于CF處理,小麥季菌渣還田處理和CK處理的土壤Zn可提取態(tài)系數(shù)值低于CF處理,小麥季不同施肥處理的Cu可提取態(tài)系數(shù)較水稻季高,而水稻季不同施肥處理的Pb可提取態(tài)系數(shù)總體上較小麥季有所增加,在CK和CF處理時,水稻季的Cd、Zn可提取態(tài)系數(shù)高于小麥季。(2)各施肥處理下,小麥籽粒中的Cu和Zn含量均達到了顯著水平(p0.01),小麥籽粒Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FFl處理時較CF處理分別減少了14.8%、5%、12.4%和8.4%；小麥潁殼中,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在各處理間均未達到顯著水平(p0.05),小麥潁殼Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了6.5%、3.8%、5.7%和8.7%；小麥莖葉中,Cd、Pb、Zn含量在不同處理間不存在顯著性差異(p0.05),小麥莖葉的Cu含量達到了顯著水平(p0.01),Cd、Cu、 Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了2.1%、7.3%、1.1%和4.8%；小麥根中,Cd、Cu、Pb含量在不同處理間不存在顯著性差異(p0.05),小麥根的Zn含量達到了顯著水平(p0.05),Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了6.4%、7.6%、1.4%和5.1%。(3)水稻籽粒中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在各處理間均未達到顯著水平(p0.05),水稻籽粒Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FFl處理時較CF處理分別減少了14.3%、13.7%、10.8%和6.2%；水稻潁殼中,不同處理間Zn含量達到了顯著水平(p0.01),水稻潁殼Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了5.6%、5.5%、6%和7.8%；水稻莖葉中,Cd、Cu、Pb含量在不同處理間不存在顯著性差異(p0.05),水稻莖葉的Zn含量達到了顯著水平(p0.05),水稻莖葉Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了3.3%、3%、3%和5.4%；水稻根中,Cd、Cu含量在不同處理間不存在顯著性差異(p0.05),水稻根的Pb、Zn含量達到了顯著水平(p0.01),水稻根Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1處理時較CF處理分別減少了5.7%、8.8%、5.4%和4.5%。(4)以都江堰市土壤元素背景值為評價標準,單因子潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)評價表明,稻麥兩季農(nóng)田土壤Cu、Pb、Zn為輕微生態(tài)危害,Cd為中等生態(tài)危害；綜合潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)屬于輕微生態(tài)危害；而以國家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級標準為評價標準,稻麥兩季農(nóng)田土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的單因子潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)為輕微生態(tài)危害,綜合潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)屬于輕微生態(tài)危害。(5)以國家食品衛(wèi)生標準限值(GB2762-2012)為評價標準,小麥、水稻籽粒中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn單因子污染指數(shù)和內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)均為清潔水平。(6)綜合考慮生態(tài)環(huán)境風險、食品安全和經(jīng)濟成本,確定FF1菌渣還田處理(還田量100%)為最佳施肥量。
[Abstract]:As a new way of organic fertilizer utilization, mushroom residue fertilizer has solved the environmental problems of unused bacterial residue and non-point source pollution on the one hand, and promoted the long-term development of circular agriculture on the other hand. The study of "field experiment of wheat rice rotation by using residue of organic fertilizer, the effects of different dosage of Jun Zhashi heavy metals in soil and crops, the potential ecological risk index method for environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soil, using single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the risk of pollution the grain of heavy metals, in order to provide the basis for rational application of organic fertilizer residue and agricultural production safety. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the contents of four heavy metals in farmland soil in wheat season and rice season are all lower than the two level standard value of soil environmental quality in China, which is a safe range which is not polluted by heavy metals. In the two season of rice and wheat, there was no significant difference in the contents of Cd, Cu and Pb in the soil of different treatments. (P0.05), the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in the farmland soil was the lowest in the two season, and the Cd content in the soil was lower at all treatments. Among them, the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in farmland soil decreased by 7.3%, 3.9%, 1.4% and 0.9%, respectively. The Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents of farmland soil decreased by 6.8%, 4.7%, 1.9% and 1.4% compared with CF treatments in the rice season. The two season of rice and wheat CK and bacteria residue in the treatment of soil Cd, Cu, Pb extractable coefficient is less than CF, wheat bacteria residue and CK treatment soil Zn extractable value lower than CF treatment, different treatments of Cu extractable wheat season in rice season coefficient is high however, the rice season fertilization Pb extractable coefficient overall than wheat season increased in CK and CF, Cd, Zn of rice extractable coefficient is higher than the wheat season. (2)鍚勬柦鑲ュ�勭悊涓�,灝忛害綾界矑涓�鐨凜u鍜孼n鍚�閲忓潎杈惧堫C簡鏄捐憲姘村鉤(p0.01),灝忛害綾界矑Cd銆丆u銆丳b銆乑n鍚�閲忓湪FFl澶勭悊鏃惰緝CF澶勭悊鍒嗗埆鍑忓皯浜，

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