發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-02 22:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：塔機(jī)材料常規(guī)缺陷的聲發(fā)射信號(hào)特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)分析　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 塔式起重機(jī) 聲發(fā)射檢測 參數(shù)特征分析 譜分析

【摘要】：隨著建筑塔式起重機(jī)(塔機(jī))的廣泛應(yīng)用,國內(nèi)外每年都因起重作業(yè)造成大量的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和人身傷亡事故。危險(xiǎn)源的在線定位與檢測是塔機(jī)安全評(píng)估與事故預(yù)防的關(guān)鍵。由于金屬構(gòu)件長時(shí)間承受交變載荷的作用,會(huì)在主要承受應(yīng)力集中區(qū),構(gòu)件變截面區(qū),焊縫與母材熔合線之間等部位產(chǎn)生疲勞裂紋,成為誘發(fā)重大安全事故的隱患。因此,針對(duì)上述缺陷的無損檢測研究具有重要的理論意義和工程價(jià)值。 聲發(fā)射技術(shù)具有效率高、檢驗(yàn)周期短、對(duì)活性缺陷敏感等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前在壓力容器、航空航天等行業(yè)的檢測已取得了成功應(yīng)用。由于塔機(jī)工作現(xiàn)場聲發(fā)射信號(hào)獲取的復(fù)雜性和材料的聲發(fā)射源參數(shù)特性缺乏典型樣本,基于聲發(fā)射技術(shù)的塔機(jī)無損檢測研究目前還處于探索階段。本文利用SDAES數(shù)字聲發(fā)射檢測儀,針對(duì)塔機(jī)鋼材常規(guī)缺陷所制備的實(shí)驗(yàn)試件,進(jìn)行聲發(fā)射源的模式識(shí)別與信號(hào)參數(shù)特征提取,論文具體研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)通過資料分析,確定塔式起重機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的常見缺陷形式,并根據(jù)這些缺陷形式人工制備了Q235母材、表面裂紋及焊接缺陷試件； (2)掌握聲發(fā)射儀器的使用方法及聲發(fā)射原理,以聲發(fā)射儀使用方式和聲發(fā)射原理為依據(jù),制定合理的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及分析方法,同時(shí)用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法測量了聲發(fā)射信號(hào)在Q235材料的傳播速度； (3)進(jìn)行加載試驗(yàn),采集母材試件、表面裂紋和焊接缺陷試件在不同載荷下的聲發(fā)射信號(hào),并實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測聲發(fā)射源的產(chǎn)生和變化； (4)再通過聲發(fā)射信號(hào)參數(shù)分析軟件對(duì)所采集的AE信號(hào)進(jìn)行定位特性分析,聲發(fā)射信號(hào)參數(shù)特性分析,聲發(fā)射信號(hào)頻譜特性分析,最后總結(jié)出Q235母材及帶有缺陷試件的典型聲發(fā)射信號(hào)主要特征參數(shù)的分布范圍樣本。
[Abstract]:With the construction of the tower crane (crane) is widely used at home and abroad every year because of the lifting operation caused a lot of damage to property and casualty accidents. The online detection and orientation of dangerous source is the key to prevention of tower crane safety assessment and accident. Because the metal components long time under alternating loads, the stress concentration area will in the main bearing, member of variable cross section area, the locations of fatigue crack between weld metal and base metal fusion line, has become a major safety accident induced risks. Therefore, the nondestructive detection of the defects has important theoretical significance and engineering value.
Acoustic emission testing technology has the advantages of high efficiency, short cycle, sensitive to the advantages of active defects present in pressure vessel detection, aerospace and other industries have been successfully applied. Due to the crane work site of acoustic emission signal complexity and material sources of acoustic emission parameters characteristics of lack of typical samples, nondestructive acoustic emission technology of tower crane study on detection is still in the exploratory stage. This paper uses the SDAES based on digital acoustic emission detector for tower crane steel prepared by conventional defect test sample, pattern recognition and signal feature parameters of acoustic emission source extraction, the specific contents are as follows:
(1) through data analysis, the common defect forms of steel structure of tower crane are determined. Based on these defects, Q235 base metal, surface crack and welding defect specimen are manufactured.
(2) grasp the use and acoustic emission principle of acoustic emission instrument. Based on the principle of acoustic emission and the principle of acoustic emission, a reasonable experiment plan and analysis method are worked out. Meanwhile, the propagation speed of acoustic emission signal in Q235 material is measured by experimental method.
(3) load test was carried out to collect acoustic emission signals of parent material, surface crack and welding defect specimen under different loads, and real-time monitor the production and change of acoustic emission source.
(4) by acoustic emission signal analysis software on the AE signal acquisition of the positioning characteristics analysis, analysis of the characteristics of AE signal parameters, analysis of frequency spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission signals, and finally summed up the Q235 base metal and with defect distribution range of typical acoustic emission signal of the main characteristic parameters of samples.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3;TG115.28

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