發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 17:21

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)作為旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的核心部件,經(jīng)常發(fā)生不平衡、不對(duì)中、碰摩、油膜振蕩、轉(zhuǎn)軸裂紋、基座松動(dòng)等故障,這些故障會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的異常振動(dòng),引起災(zāi)難性的后果。其中,轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)不對(duì)中故障發(fā)生的概率僅次于不平衡,是最常發(fā)生的第二大類故障。不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)會(huì)引起旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械振動(dòng)過(guò)大,引發(fā)軸承負(fù)荷不均衡、軸承過(guò)度磨損、聯(lián)軸器過(guò)早失效以及軸撓曲變形加劇等一系列問(wèn)題。不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理問(wèn)題目前還沒(méi)得到有效解決,特別是涉及到滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中、套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理問(wèn)題。同時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的固有特性和振動(dòng)響應(yīng)會(huì)受到不對(duì)中因素的顯著影響,需要開(kāi)展深入的理論和試驗(yàn)研究。因此,不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理問(wèn)題及其振動(dòng)特性研究是目前理論和工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的重要課題之一。本文針對(duì)帶有滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中的二支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)、帶有套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中的三支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng),開(kāi)展不對(duì)中環(huán)節(jié)的動(dòng)力學(xué)建模、轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)建模、基于有限元的數(shù)值仿真計(jì)算、基于模型試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)測(cè)試試驗(yàn)等基礎(chǔ)理論研究工作,本文所完成的主要內(nèi)容如下：(1)針對(duì)帶有角接觸球軸承支承的轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng),考慮結(jié)構(gòu)安裝存在的軸承偏置因素,基于Hertz接觸理論,引入了對(duì)中表征參量平移量和角度偏轉(zhuǎn)量,分別建立了在正常狀態(tài)下和不對(duì)中狀態(tài)下的滾動(dòng)軸承5自由度剛度解析模型,分析了不對(duì)中表征參量對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承剛度特性的影響規(guī)律。通過(guò)滾動(dòng)軸承有限元計(jì)算和靜止態(tài)滾動(dòng)軸承剛度測(cè)試進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證。(2)提出了基于Lagrange能量法的帶有滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中的兩支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)建模方法,模型中引入了考慮不對(duì)中因素的5自由度滾動(dòng)軸承剛度模型。基于該解析模型分析了滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中的激振機(jī)理,獲得了兩支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中引起的附加激勵(lì)力。進(jìn)行該系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的仿真分析,獲得了軸承不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的固有頻率和振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的變化規(guī)律。(3)提出了帶有滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中的二支點(diǎn)不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的有限元建模方法,進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)仿真分析,獲得了滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)的時(shí)頻響應(yīng)和軸心軌跡,并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,角度不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)都表現(xiàn)出明顯的軸向振動(dòng)特征。(4)根據(jù)套齒聯(lián)軸器的套齒嚙合和軸向接觸等典型結(jié)構(gòu)特征,建立了考慮橫向剛度、彎曲剛度和軸向剛度的套齒聯(lián)軸器5自由度剛度模型�；贚agrange能量法推導(dǎo)了帶有套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中的三支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的解析模型�；谠摻馕瞿Ｐ�,分析了套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的激振原理。進(jìn)行該轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的仿真分析,兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子的振動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)不同的規(guī)律,不對(duì)中長(zhǎng)軸表現(xiàn)出顯著的二倍頻成分和復(fù)雜的振動(dòng)行為,特別是套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中造成了轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)烈的軸向振動(dòng)。(5)提出了帶有套齒聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中的三支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的有限元建模方法。進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的數(shù)值仿真分析,結(jié)果表明,不對(duì)中長(zhǎng)軸受不對(duì)中的影響更顯著。所得結(jié)果與模型實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,具有相似的二倍頻振動(dòng)特征和軸向振動(dòng)特征。本文針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的不對(duì)中問(wèn)題,從解析分析、有限元仿真分析和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證三個(gè)層面,開(kāi)展了滾動(dòng)軸承不對(duì)中和聯(lián)軸器不對(duì)中的動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理與振動(dòng)特性的研究工作,獲得了不對(duì)中轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的橫向振動(dòng)和軸向振動(dòng)特征,所得結(jié)果對(duì)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)不對(duì)中的振動(dòng)預(yù)估、評(píng)價(jià)和控制具有重要價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:As the core component of rotating machinery, the rotor system often occurs unbalance, misalignment, rub impact, oil film oscillation, shaft crack, base loosening and so on. These faults will lead to serious abnormal vibration and cause catastrophic consequences. Among them, the probability of failure of the rotor system is only second to the imbalance, which is the second most common occurrence. A series of problems such as excessive vibration of rotating machinery, imbalance of bearing load, excessive wear of bearing, premature failure of couplings and aggravation of deflection of shaft. The problem of dynamic mechanism of the middle rotor system has not been effectively solved at present, especially in the case of rolling bearing misalignment. At the same time, the inherent characteristics and vibration response of the rotor system will be affected by the misalignment factors. It is necessary to carry out in-depth theoretical and experimental research. Therefore, the study of the dynamic mechanism and the vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system is the current theoretical and engineering field. One of the important topics of this paper is the two fulcrum system with rolling bearing misalignment, with the three pivot rotor system in which the gear coupling is not in the middle, the dynamic modeling of the middle ring is carried out, the dynamic modeling of the rotor system, the numerical simulation based on the finite element method, the vibration test of the rotor system based on the model test rig. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) in view of the rotor system bearing the bearing of angular contact ball bearing, considering the bearing bias of the structure and installation, based on the Hertz contact theory, the translation quantity and angular deflection of the medium parameter are introduced, which are established in the normal state and the misalignment respectively. The 5 degree of freedom stiffness analysis model of rolling bearing in the state is used to analyze the influence of the misalignment parameters on the stiffness characteristics of the rolling bearing. A comparison is made between the finite element calculation of the rolling bearing and the stiffness test of the static rolling bearing. (2) a Lagrange based energy method is proposed for the rotation of the two fulcrum with the rolling bearing misalignment. The dynamic modeling method of the subsystem is introduced, and the 5 degree of freedom rolling bearing stiffness model is introduced into the model. Based on the analytical model, the excitation mechanism of the rolling bearing misalignment is analyzed, and the additional excitation force caused by the rolling bearing misalignment in the two fulcrum rotor system is obtained. The simulation analysis of the vibration response of the system is carried out. The change law of the natural frequency and vibration response of the bearing to the middle rotor system is obtained. (3) a finite element modeling method for the two pivot non middle rotor system with the rolling bearing misalignment is proposed, and the vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed, and the time frequency response and the axis of the rotor system vibration of the rolling bearing are obtained. The contrasting analysis shows that the angle of the rotor system has obvious axial vibration characteristics. (4) based on the typical structural features of the gear coupling and the axial contact, the 5 degree of freedom stiffness model of the sleeve gear coupling with lateral stiffness, bending stiffness and axial stiffness is established. Based on Lagrange The energy method derives the analytical model of the three pivot rotor system with the misalignment of the gear coupling. Based on the analytical model, the excitation principle of the rotor system is analyzed. The vibration response of the rotor system is simulated and analyzed. The vibration of the two rotors presents different rules and does not show a significant effect on the middle long axis. Two frequency doubling component and complex vibration behavior, especially the gear coupling does not cause the strong axial vibration of the rotor system. (5) a finite element modeling method for the three fulcrum system with the misalignment of the gear coupling is proposed. The numerical simulation of the vibration response of the rotor system is carried out. The results show that the middle long axis is not in the wrong way. The results are more significant. The results are compared with the test results of the model test bench, with similar two frequency doubling vibration characteristics and axial vibration characteristics. This paper, aiming at the wrong middle problem of the rotor system, has carried out the misalignment of the rolling bearing misalignment and the coupling from three aspects of the analytical analysis, the finite element simulation analysis and the test verification. In the study of dynamic mechanism and vibration characteristics, the lateral and axial vibration characteristics of the middle rotor system are obtained. The results are of great value to the evaluation and control of the vibration in the rotor system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH113

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 韓清凱;王美令;趙廣;馮國(guó)全;;轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)不對(duì)中問(wèn)題的研究進(jìn)展[J];動(dòng)力學(xué)與控制學(xué)報(bào);2016年01期

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本文編號(hào)：2148582