發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 13:46

【摘要】：發(fā)動機依靠曲軸前、后油封實現(xiàn)對曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)運動的密封功能,保證了發(fā)動機缸體內(nèi)有良好的潤滑,減低摩擦產(chǎn)生的功率損耗。為了滿足汽車的節(jié)能減排的要求,各大汽車制造商都在千方百計的降低汽車燃料的損耗率,所以,開發(fā)具有良好密封性能的低摩擦扭矩的油封,是油封未來的一個主要的發(fā)展方向。 在油封唇口部位橡膠材料性能的前提下,對油封結(jié)構(gòu)進行不斷優(yōu)化與研究,尤其是通過對油封腰部及唇口部位的結(jié)構(gòu)的改進,簡化油封本身的結(jié)構(gòu),提高油封性能的可靠性,降低對軸的徑向力,即可在一定程度上實現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗的目的,也可改善發(fā)動機的整體性能。 通過對油封結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展歷史的研究,及目前橡膠等高分子材料技術的不斷發(fā)展,具有低摩擦扭矩、低徑向力、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的無簧油封是未來的發(fā)展方向之一。本文所開發(fā)的無簧油封是以濰柴WP12發(fā)動機的工況條件為設計輸入,針對該發(fā)動機的工況設計開發(fā)一種新的無簧油封結(jié)構(gòu)。主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下三個方面： 第一,對無簧油封結(jié)構(gòu)進行設計。首先對油封結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展歷史進行研究總結(jié),然后以現(xiàn)有PTFE結(jié)構(gòu)無簧油封及耐油硅橡膠端面密封式組合油封唇口部位結(jié)構(gòu)為原型。結(jié)合兩個密封的基本原理,在這個原型的基礎之上提出一個結(jié)構(gòu)模型,按照這個模型設計出幾個具體的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。然后,通過有限元分析等方法,從其中選出一個最佳的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,并對這個方案進行詳細的設計。 第二,對橡膠配方進行改進。根據(jù)發(fā)動機工況的要求,結(jié)合新結(jié)構(gòu)無簧油封的特點,對現(xiàn)有的生膠材料進行替換,并將配方做部分調(diào)整,使材料與結(jié)構(gòu)能更好的互相適應,充分發(fā)揮出各自的最佳性能。 第三,對樣品進行試驗與測試。根據(jù)詳細的設計方案,加工出硫化模具,用改進后的橡膠材料硫化出符合要求的產(chǎn)品。選擇一種相同規(guī)格、相同用途的有簧油封作為參照組,對徑向力、摩擦扭矩、泵吸能力等油封的基本性能參數(shù)進行測試和理論計算。并對得出的結(jié)果進行分析比較。通過對試驗結(jié)果的分析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),新型的無簧油封在這些性能上完全超過有簧油封。徑向力和摩擦扭矩分別降低54.66%和79.4%,而泵吸流體能力提高5倍以上。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明新的無簧油封基本性能達到了設計目的,在降低了對發(fā)動機的功率損耗的同時,提高了唇口的密封性能。最后,通過對樣品進行1000小時的壽命試驗,證明密封性能的耐久性與穩(wěn)定性,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)設計和橡膠配方設計完全達到了設計目的,設計目標圓滿完成。
[Abstract]:When the engine relies on the crankshaft, the rear oil seal realizes the sealing function of the rotating motion of the crankshaft, which ensures good lubrication in the engine cylinder and reduces the power loss caused by the friction. In order to meet the requirements of automobile energy saving and emission reduction, all the major automobile manufacturers are trying to reduce the loss rate of automobile fuel, so the development is good. The oil seal with low friction torque and sealing performance is the main development direction of the oil seal in the future.
On the premise of the performance of the rubber material at the lip of the oil seal, the structure of the oil seal is continuously optimized and studied, especially by improving the structure of the waist and lip of the oil seal, simplifying the structure of the oil seal itself, improving the reliability of the oil seal and reducing the radial force of the shaft, and achieving the purpose of saving energy and reducing the consumption to a certain extent. The overall performance of the engine can be improved.
Through the study of the development history of oil seal structure and the development of rubber and other polymer technology, the non spring oil seal with low friction torque, low radial force and simple structure is one of the future development directions. The reed oil seal developed in this paper is designed for the design of the working condition of Weichai WP12 engine. A new spring free oil seal structure is developed. The main research contents include the following three aspects:
First, the non reed oil seal structure is designed. First, the development history of the oil seal structure is studied and summarized. Then the structure of the existing PTFE structure reed oil seal and the oil seal end seal combination oil seal is used as the prototype. Based on the basic principle of the two seals, a structural model is put forward on the basis of this prototype. Several specific structural schemes are designed according to this model. Then, through the finite element analysis and other methods, one of the best structural schemes is selected, and the scheme is designed in detail.
Second, the rubber formula is improved. According to the requirements of the engine working conditions, the existing raw rubber materials are replaced with the characteristics of the new reed oil seal, and the formula is partially adjusted to make the material and the structure better adapt to each other and give full play to their best performance.
Third, the sample is tested and tested. According to the detailed design, the vulcanization mold is processed and the modified rubber material is vulcanized to meet the requirements. A reed oil seal with the same specification and the same use is selected as the reference group to test the basic performance parameters of radial force, friction torque, pump capacity and so on. Theoretical calculation. Analysis and comparison of the results. Through the analysis of the test results, we can find that the new reed oil seal is completely over the reed oil seal. The radial force and the friction torque are reduced by 54.66% and 79.4% respectively, and the pump fluid capacity is increased by more than 5 times. These data show that the new reed oil seal is basic. The performance achieves the purpose of design, which reduces the power loss to the engine and improves the sealing performance of the lip. Finally, the durability and stability of the sealing performance are proved by the 1000 hour life test of the sample. The design of the product structure and the rubber formula design have fully achieved the design goal and the design goal is completed satisfactorily.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH136;U464.13

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本文編號：2171968