發(fā)布時間：2018-04-20 01:28

  本文選題：井工煤礦 + 損毀土地�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國幅員遼闊,土地資源總量雄厚。然而,人口眾多,耕地較少,人均耕地占有量遠低于世界平均水平,耕地后備資源嚴重不足。隨著當今社會經濟的快速發(fā)展,人口日益增加,導致人地矛盾關系越來越緊張。中國是世界第三礦業(yè)大國,同時也是世界上最大的煤炭消費國家,對能源的需求旺盛。大規(guī)模、高強度的開采煤炭資源,造成大規(guī)模的土地以壓占、挖損、污染、塌陷等方式受損,且損毀程度不盡相同,伴隨而來的是嚴峻的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,從某種程度上直接影響到土地資源安全。為了有效緩解人地矛盾關系,切實治理生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,保護好有限的土地資源,必須做好礦區(qū)土地復墾工作。土地復墾規(guī)劃設計嚴謹,科學地預測礦區(qū)損毀土地范圍并做好復墾適宜性評價是確定復墾方向的基礎和前提,在此基礎上做出的規(guī)劃設計才具有可行性、指導性。首先,本文對土地復墾的研究背景、意義及國內外研究進展進行介紹,解讀土地整治相關概念和理論基礎,引入林地質量等級與耕地質量等別概念。其次,論述土地復墾的一些相關內容,包括土地復墾適宜性評價、復墾規(guī)劃設計、林地質量等級評定、耕地質量等別評定。分析各個模塊操作的原理、原則、方法、指標體系、基本參數等。最后,本文選取羅平縣龍馳煤礦區(qū)為研究區(qū),重點將理論知識應用到實例中,結合研究區(qū)進行研究論證。土地復墾適宜性評價中,在選擇評價因子時,既采用了傳統(tǒng)的土地復墾適宜性評價因子,包括土壤質地、地形坡度、土壤有機質含量等,同時,加入具有針對性、可操作性的損毀程度因子,總共選取10個評價因子。運用YAAHP軟件,構建層次結構模型和判斷矩陣,達到判斷矩陣一致性要求,計算出各個因子的權重。在劃分評價單元方面,打破以往劃分標準,選取更加合理的劃分標準——二級評價單元。參照評價因子打分標準和評價結果等級劃分標準,應用ArcGIS完成土地復墾適宜性評價,確定各地塊土地復墾利用方向。經分析結果,大部分荒草地、裸地被開發(fā)利用,提高了土地利用率,耕地、林地數量均有所增加。在復墾工作中,對復墾區(qū)進行規(guī)劃設計,合理布局農田水利設施、田間道路等,改善了研究區(qū)的生產、生活條件,農民積極投入生產,改良土壤結構,久而久之,耕地質量也會有所提升。為了掌握復墾前后耕地質量變化情況,本文借鑒以往的農用地分等成果,結合礦區(qū)復墾耕地的特點,嚴格遵守評定原則和要求,評定出復墾后耕地質量等別。土地行業(yè)中,很少關注林地的質量。然而,礦區(qū)的開采對林地也會造成一定程度的損毀。為了掌握林地復墾前后質量情況,本文大膽嘗試評定林地的質量等級,以分析復墾前后林地質量等級變化情況。通過試驗,提供一定的理論基礎,望林地質量在以后的土地復墾工作中得到重視,切實關注林地質量,采取有效措施改善林地質量,真正做到保護土地,保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:China has a vast territory and abundant land resources. However, the population is large, the cultivated land is less, the per capita cultivated land quantity is far lower than the world average level, the cultivated land reserve resources is seriously insufficient. With the rapid development of social economy and increasing population, the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more tense. China is the world's third largest mining country and the world's largest coal consumer, with strong demand for energy. Large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources causes large-scale land to be damaged by means of occupation, excavation, pollution, collapse, and so on, and the degree of damage is different, accompanied by severe ecological and environmental problems. To some extent, it directly affects the security of land resources. In order to effectively alleviate the contradiction between man and land, effectively control ecological environment problems and protect limited land resources, it is necessary to do a good job of land reclamation in mining areas. The planning and design of land reclamation is rigorous, the scientific prediction of damaged land range and the evaluation of reclamation suitability are the basis and premise to determine the reclamation direction, and the planning and design based on it is feasible and instructive. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, significance and research progress of land reclamation at home and abroad, interprets the related concepts and theoretical basis of land reclamation, and introduces the concepts of forest land quality grade and cultivated land quality. Secondly, it discusses some related contents of land reclamation, including land reclamation suitability evaluation, reclamation planning and design, forest land quality evaluation, cultivated land quality evaluation and so on. Analyze the principle, principle, method, index system and basic parameters of each module operation. Finally, this paper selects Longchi coal mine area of Luoping County as the research area, and focuses on applying theoretical knowledge to the case, combining with the research area to carry out research and demonstration. In the evaluation of land reclamation suitability, the traditional land reclamation suitability evaluation factors, including soil texture, topographic slope, soil organic matter content and so on, are used in the selection of evaluation factors. Operational damage degree factor, a total of 10 evaluation factors selected. The hierarchical structure model and judgment matrix are constructed by using YAAHP software to meet the requirement of consistency of judgment matrix and the weight of each factor is calculated. In the aspect of dividing the evaluation unit, we break the previous division standard, and select the more reasonable division standard-the second grade evaluation unit. According to the evaluation factor scoring standard and the evaluation result grade standard, the suitability evaluation of land reclamation was completed by using ArcGIS, and the land reclamation and utilization direction of each plot was determined. The results showed that most of the barren grassland and bare land were developed and utilized, and the utilization rate of land and the amount of cultivated land and woodland were increased. In the reclamation work, the planning and design of the reclamation areas, the rational distribution of farmland and water conservancy facilities, and the field roads have improved the production and living conditions of the research areas, the active involvement of farmers in production, and the improvement of the soil structure over time. The quality of cultivated land will also improve. In order to understand the change of cultivated land quality before and after reclamation, this paper draws lessons from the previous achievements of agricultural land classification, combines the characteristics of reclaimed cultivated land in mining areas, strictly observes the evaluation principles and requirements, and evaluates the quality of cultivated land after reclamation. In the land industry, little attention is paid to the quality of woodland. However, mining in the mining area will also cause a certain degree of damage to the forest land. In order to understand the quality of forestland before and after reclamation, this paper tries to evaluate the quality grade of forestland and analyze the change of quality grade of forestland before and after reclamation. Through the experiment, it is hoped that the quality of forest land will be paid more attention to in the future land reclamation work, and that effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of forest land so as to protect the land and protect the ecological environment.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD88

【引證文獻】

相關會議論文 前1條

1 楊慶華;張健康;楊世先;馬文斌;施正丹;沐嬋;王鳳瓊;;耕地資源的耕作半徑與農業(yè)綜合生產能力——以云南省玉溪市為例[A];2006中國科協(xié)年會農業(yè)分會場論文專集[C];2006年

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本文編號：1775642