清代山西雜姓村宗族祠堂、祖塋及廟宇建設(shè)——以碑刻、族譜、村志和田野調(diào)查為中心
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-30 14:51
【摘要】：清代華北宗族式微似乎已是目前學(xué)界共識(shí)。從表象上看,這一時(shí)期華北很少出現(xiàn)華南地區(qū)大型單一宗族數(shù)村相連,祠堂勢(shì)力幾乎凌駕于地方政府權(quán)力之上的局面。然而,筆者在數(shù)年華北田野調(diào)查中,發(fā)現(xiàn)祠堂、宗族這些被學(xué)者忽略的字眼卻屢屢出現(xiàn)在當(dāng)?shù)仃壤系挠洃浿?在數(shù)以千記的村志中也是難以繞開(kāi)的話(huà)題。清代山西的村落以雜姓村居多,村內(nèi)較大宗族均有規(guī)模不一的祠堂,個(gè)別村落甚至有近十座之多,它們和村落廟宇相互疊加出現(xiàn)、彼此協(xié)調(diào)共生,同時(shí)也存在傾軋和爭(zhēng)奪村落資源的情況。同村內(nèi),大姓宗族往往會(huì)在數(shù)百年中持續(xù)關(guān)注一些固定廟宇的修葺,后起強(qiáng)勢(shì)家族也會(huì)以村廟為武器與其爭(zhēng)奪村內(nèi)話(huà)語(yǔ)權(quán)。在村落空間布局上,祠堂一般分布在本姓聚集區(qū),小型廟宇散布全村,大廟則在村落高阜處,周?chē)鷦t是排布整齊的各族祖塋。
[Abstract]:The decline of North China clans in Qing Dynasty seems to be the consensus of scholars at present. On the surface, in this period, there were few large monogamous villages and villages in south China, and the ancestral hall power was almost superior to the local government power. However, in the field investigation in North China for several years, the author found that the words of ancestral hall and clan, which were neglected by scholars, often appeared in the memory of the local elders, and it was also a difficult topic to avoid in the thousands of records of villages. In the Qing Dynasty, the villages in Shanxi had many mixed surnames, and the larger clans in the villages had ancestral halls of different scales, and even a few villages had as many as ten. They superimposed with the villages and temples and co-existed with each other in harmony and symbiosis. At the same time, there are also the situation of rolling over and competing for village resources. In the same village, the clans often pay close attention to the repair of fixed temples for hundreds of years, and later powerful families will use village temples as a weapon to fight for the right to speak in the village. In the layout of the village space, ancestral halls are generally distributed in the area where the family name is concentrated, small temples are scattered throughout the village, and the great temples are in the village of Gao Fu, surrounded by neatly arranged ancestral tombs of all nationalities.
【作者單位】： 山西師范大學(xué)戲曲文物研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目“明清山西碑刻題名收集整理與研究”(14BZS028)的階段性成果
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K820.9;K872
，
本文編號(hào)：2213404
[Abstract]:The decline of North China clans in Qing Dynasty seems to be the consensus of scholars at present. On the surface, in this period, there were few large monogamous villages and villages in south China, and the ancestral hall power was almost superior to the local government power. However, in the field investigation in North China for several years, the author found that the words of ancestral hall and clan, which were neglected by scholars, often appeared in the memory of the local elders, and it was also a difficult topic to avoid in the thousands of records of villages. In the Qing Dynasty, the villages in Shanxi had many mixed surnames, and the larger clans in the villages had ancestral halls of different scales, and even a few villages had as many as ten. They superimposed with the villages and temples and co-existed with each other in harmony and symbiosis. At the same time, there are also the situation of rolling over and competing for village resources. In the same village, the clans often pay close attention to the repair of fixed temples for hundreds of years, and later powerful families will use village temples as a weapon to fight for the right to speak in the village. In the layout of the village space, ancestral halls are generally distributed in the area where the family name is concentrated, small temples are scattered throughout the village, and the great temples are in the village of Gao Fu, surrounded by neatly arranged ancestral tombs of all nationalities.
【作者單位】： 山西師范大學(xué)戲曲文物研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目“明清山西碑刻題名收集整理與研究”(14BZS028)的階段性成果
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K820.9;K872
，
本文編號(hào)：2213404
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