發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-19 23:14

  本文選題：棉種 + 精量穴播器　； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆是中國(guó)最大的優(yōu)質(zhì)棉生產(chǎn)基地,精量播種是新疆棉花種植的發(fā)展方向。與氣力式精量穴播器相比,機(jī)械式穴播器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,維護(hù)方便,成本低等優(yōu)勢(shì),但是機(jī)械式穴播器存在充種起拱(多粒種子擁堵在進(jìn)種口)造成的空穴問題。目前的研究集中在起拱機(jī)理和破拱方法,論文提出從根本上解決起拱的方案——有序排隊(duì)充種,能夠預(yù)防起拱。本文根據(jù)排隊(duì)充種思想設(shè)計(jì)了有序充種取種器及穴播器。有序充種取種器的結(jié)構(gòu)為V型槽結(jié)合并排雙腔結(jié)構(gòu),利用V型槽的特殊導(dǎo)向作用使種子在自身重力和離心力的作用下排成一隊(duì),同時(shí)結(jié)合并排雙腔結(jié)構(gòu),解決種子排隊(duì)充種之后的精量分離問題。論文利用虛擬仿真技術(shù),模擬有序充種穴播器的工作過程,觀察分析種子的姿態(tài)變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響種子排隊(duì)的主要因素為取種器的定種孔的大小、雙腔的寬度以及V型槽的形狀;利用仿真試驗(yàn),確定了取種器的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,即定種孔的高度為6mm,寬度為10mm,充種腔的寬度為7mm,攜種腔的寬度為6mm,充種腔的底面傾角為45°,攜種腔的底面傾角為45°,V型槽底部中心距定種板距離為2mm。利用3D打印快速成型技術(shù),結(jié)合模塊化加工方法,對(duì)有序充種穴播器的取種器模塊進(jìn)行加工,取種器的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)得到準(zhǔn)確的呈現(xiàn),裝配之后能夠順利運(yùn)行。利用臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了虛擬仿真試驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性,同時(shí)結(jié)合正交試驗(yàn),確定了穴播器的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工作參數(shù)組合——腰帶直徑300mm,腰帶圓周上均勻分布14個(gè)排種器,排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速40r/min;添加二次充種裝置,進(jìn)一步降低穴播器的空穴率至3%,提高排種性能。論文研究的排隊(duì)充種方法集中于主動(dòng)排隊(duì),主要利用取種器的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)使種子在自身的重力下主動(dòng)進(jìn)行排隊(duì)和充種,但是排種效果還不夠理想,未來可以繼續(xù)向強(qiáng)制排隊(duì)方向進(jìn)行深入的研究。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is the largest high-quality cotton production base in China. Precision sowing is the development direction of cotton planting in Xinjiang. Compared with pneumatic precision seeder, mechanical hole-seeder has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost, but the mechanical hole-seeding device has the hole problem caused by seeding arch (multi-grain seed clogging at the seed entrance). At present, the research focuses on the mechanism of arcing and the method of breaking arch. This paper puts forward a scheme to fundamentally solve the problem of arcing-orderly queue filling, which can prevent arcing. In this paper, an orderly seeding and seeding device is designed according to the idea of queuing seed filling. The structure of the ordered seeding extractor is V-shaped groove combined with side-by-side double-cavity structure. Using the special guiding action of V-groove, the seeds are formed in a line under the action of their own gravity and centrifugal force, and at the same time, they are combined with the parallel double-cavity structure. To solve the problem of precision separation after seed queuing and filling. In this paper, the virtual simulation technology is used to simulate the working process of the ordered seeding device, and the changes of seed attitude are observed and analyzed. It is found that the main factors affecting the seed queuing are the size of the seed picker's fixed hole, the width of the double cavities and the shape of the V-shaped slot. The optimum structure parameter combination of seed picker is determined by simulation test. The height and width of seed hole are 6mm, 10mm, 7mm, 6mm, 45 擄, 45 擄and 45 擄, respectively. The distance between the center of V-shaped groove and the seed plate is 2 mm. By using 3D printing rapid prototyping technology and modular machining method, the seed picker module of the ordered seeding device is processed. The complex structure of the seed extractor is presented accurately and can run smoothly after assembly. The veracity of the virtual simulation test is verified by the bench test, and the optimum structural parameters and working parameters of the hole seeder are determined, which are the belt diameter 300mm and the uniform distribution of 14 metering devices on the girdle circumference. The rotation speed of the seeding axis is 40 r / min, and the second filling device is added to further reduce the hole rate of the seeding device to 3, and to improve the seeding performance. In this paper, the method of seed filling is focused on active queue. The special structure of seed taker makes seed queue and seed filling under its own gravity, but the effect of seeding is not good enough. In the future, we can continue to study in the direction of forced queuing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S223.2

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本文編號(hào)：1912119