發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-21 09:07

【摘要】： 本文主要對英屬北美殖民地時(shí)期(1700—1750年)弗吉尼亞本土精英的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治活動(dòng)及其實(shí)踐影響進(jìn)行研究,以說明本土精英在弗吉尼亞殖民地內(nèi)部發(fā)展過程中的作用。 引言部分介紹了目前關(guān)于美國殖民地時(shí)期弗吉尼亞的研究現(xiàn)狀,對國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行簡單的分類和總結(jié),介紹本文的研究方法和創(chuàng)作目的。 正文由三部分組成: 第一部分對本土精英進(jìn)行概述,介紹其源起情況和此時(shí)期弗吉尼亞殖民地人口增長的變化及對本土精英的影響,敘述本土精英的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源及其有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)多樣化的嘗試。 第二部分探析本土精英的政治活動(dòng)對弗吉尼亞政治體制演變的影響。一方面,本土精英擔(dān)任了弗吉尼亞從參事會(huì)員、下院議員到地方治安法官、教區(qū)委員等各項(xiàng)職務(wù),而且這些職務(wù)都與家族政治密切相關(guān);另一方面,本土精英的日益成熟對弗吉尼亞代議制度的演變,尤其是議會(huì)下院的崛起產(chǎn)生了重要影響。 第三部分初步分析了本土精英的實(shí)踐所產(chǎn)生的影響。一方面,本土精英所賴以生存的黑人奴隸勞動(dòng)制度對后世美國產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的消極影響;另一方面,世俗紳士階層操縱教區(qū)委員會(huì),使得牧師長期處于從屬地位,造成了弗吉尼亞的宗教世俗化,并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了宗教的自由化;同時(shí),本土精英對自由和權(quán)利的追求使得他們逐漸走上與母國相對抗和爭取獨(dú)立的道路。 結(jié)語部分對全文進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),對本文未曾深入研究的普通民眾的政治權(quán)利和參政渠道予以初步說明,認(rèn)為其作用無法與本土精英相比擬;初步闡述此時(shí)期弗吉尼亞本土精英思想的演變。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the economic, political activities and practical influence of the native elite in Virginia during the British North American colonial period (1700-1750), in order to explain the role of the local elite in the development of the Virginia colony. The introduction introduces the current research situation of Virginia in the colonial period of the United States, classifies and summarizes the relevant research results at home and abroad, and introduces the research methods and creative purposes of this paper. The text is composed of three parts: the first part gives an overview of the native elite, introduces its origin, changes in the population growth of Virginia colonies during this period and its impact on the local elite. This paper describes the economic sources of the local elite and their attempts to diversify the economy. The second part analyzes the influence of the political activities of the local elite on the evolution of Virginia political system. On the one hand, the local elite held various positions in Virginia, from counselors to MPs to magistrates and parishioners, and these positions were closely related to family politics; on the other hand, The growing maturity of the local elite has had an important impact on the evolution of Virginia's representative system, especially the rise of the House of Commons. The third part analyzes the influence of the local elite's practice. On the one hand, the black slave labor system on which the local elite depended had a serious negative impact on the future United States; on the other hand, the secular gentry manipulated the parish council, making the pastor subservient for a long time. It resulted in secularization of religion in Virginia and finally the liberalization of religion. At the same time, the local elite's pursuit of freedom and rights made them gradually embark on the road of fighting against their home country and striving for independence. The conclusion part summarizes the full text, and explains the political rights and political participation channels of ordinary people which have not been studied in depth in this paper, and thinks that its role can not be compared with the local elite. The evolution of the thought of Virginia native elite in this period is preliminarily expounded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.3

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