斯蘭斯基案件研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-21 19:45
【摘要】： 本文主要對1952年12月在布拉格發(fā)生的斯蘭斯基審判案作一番探討。 1948—1953年,蘇聯(lián)在東歐各國發(fā)起了新一輪的大清洗運動,波及范圍極廣。在捷克斯洛伐克,影響最大的當數(shù)1951—1952年所謂的“斯蘭斯基反黨反國家陰謀中心案”,14名被告都是黨政領導人或高級干部。連斯蘭斯基共有11人被判死刑,其余3人被判無期徒刑。斯蘭斯基是捷克斯洛伐克共產(chǎn)黨的創(chuàng)始人之一,地位僅次于總統(tǒng)哥特瓦爾德,他二戰(zhàn)時呆在莫斯科,二戰(zhàn)后回國擔任捷共黨的總書記。他是一名堅定的斯大林主義分子和莫斯科路線的積極追隨者。斯蘭斯基在清洗的初期階段曾扮演了斯大林的劊子手的角色:從他的同志中搜索黨的敵人,并把他們交給蘇聯(lián)和捷克斯洛伐克的秘密警察,深得斯大林和貝利亞的信任。然而,就是這樣一位高層領導人物,卻在1952年12月被斯大林和他一手創(chuàng)建的黨以托洛茨基分子、鐵托分子、猶太復國主義分子等罪名送上了絞刑架。 斯蘭斯基案件是冷戰(zhàn)時代的一個縮影,也是這一時期東歐政治審判的一個典型。了解這一歷史事件對于我們更深刻地認識冷戰(zhàn)的特點和蘇聯(lián)及其東歐盟國的共產(chǎn)主義具有重要的意義。本文在借鑒前人著作的基礎上充分利用了最新解密的檔案材料,以期對這一歷史事件作出清晰、全面的回顧和解釋。 本文正文分為四個部分: 第一部分介紹斯蘭斯基案件的始末。包括斯蘭斯基被捕前的活動和斯蘭斯基命運的轉折,以及之后對斯蘭斯基的逮捕、審訊過程和最后的審判。重點強調了斯大林和蘇聯(lián)顧問在斯蘭斯基垮臺時所發(fā)揮的關鍵作用,以及審訊過程中所使用的非法手段和最后審判的戲劇化色彩。 第二部分分析斯蘭斯基案件發(fā)生的原因。斯蘭斯基案件的發(fā)生有三個方面的原因。1948年是美蘇冷戰(zhàn)形成的時期,蘇聯(lián)出于抗衡美國、控制東歐和反猶的目的,需要在東歐各國開展一場公開審判。到1951年這場清洗運動逐漸擴散到捷克斯洛伐克:在這段時期內,捷共黨內的集團斗爭促使斯大林對斯蘭斯基的懷疑不斷增加;而西方間諜機構恰好利用了這種懷疑實施了反間計,他們制作出了一封提醒斯蘭斯基逃往西方的“偉大的清潔工”信,正是這封信使斯大林和哥特瓦爾德下定決心對斯蘭斯基進行了逮捕、逼供、審判和處決。 第三部分簡要闡述斯蘭斯基案件造成的社會影響。斯蘭斯基案件造成了極大的社會影響。它惡化了兩大陣營之間的關系,加劇了國際關系的緊張局勢,并遭到了以前非常同情捷克斯洛伐克共和國發(fā)展的世界進步輿論的反對和抗議。斯蘭斯基案件尤其對捷克斯洛伐克的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會生活產(chǎn)生了特別消極的影響。 第四部分分析被告和審問人員的動機。以此來加深我們對這一冷戰(zhàn)片斷的認識。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Slansky trial in Prague in December 1952. From 1948-1953, the Soviet Union launched a new round of purge movement in the countries of Eastern Europe, which affected a wide range. In Czechoslovakia, 14 defendants were party leaders or senior cadres in the so-called "Slansky Anti-State plot Center case" from 1951 to 1952. A total of 11 people were sentenced to death and the remaining three were sentenced to life imprisonment. One of the founders of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Slansky was second only to President Gottwald, who stayed in Moscow during World War II and returned to his post as general secretary of the Czech Communist Party after World War II. He was a staunch Stalinist and an active follower of the Moscow line. In the early stages of purge, Slansky acted as Stalin's executioner: searching his comrades for his enemies and handing them over to the secret police of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, winning the trust of Stalin and Beria. However, it was such a senior leader who in December 1952 was put on the gallows by Stalin and his party on charges of Trotsky, Tito and Zionism. The Slansky case is a epitome of the Cold War era and a typical political trial in Eastern Europe. Understanding this historical event is of great significance for us to better understand the characteristics of the Cold War and the communism of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the newly declassified archival materials in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the beginning and end of the Slansky case. These include Slansky's pre-arrest activities and the turn of his fate, as well as his subsequent arrest, interrogation and final trial. The key role played by Stalin and the Soviet advisers in the fall of Sransky, the illegal means used in the trial and the dramatization of the final trial were emphasized. The second part analyzes the causes of the Slansky case. In 1948, when the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was formed, the Soviet Union needed a public trial in Eastern Europe for the purpose of resisting the United States and controlling Eastern Europe and anti-Semitism. By 1951 the purge had spread to Czechoslovakia: during that period Stalin's suspicion of Sransky grew; Western espionage agencies took advantage of this suspicion to carry out counter-measures, producing a letter reminding Sransky to flee to the West as "the Great Cleaner." It was this messenger Stalin and Gottwald made up their minds to arrest, extract confessions, try and execute Sransky. The third part briefly describes the social impact of the Slansky case. The Slansky case had a great social impact. It worsened relations between the two camps, heightened tensions in international relations and met with opposition and protest from the progressive world opinion that had been very sympathetic to the development of the Czechoslovak Republic. The Slansky case had a particularly negative impact on Czechoslovakia's political, economic and social life. The fourth part analyzes the motives of defendants and interrogators. In order to deepen our understanding of this cold war fragment.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K512.5
本文編號：2286174
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the Slansky trial in Prague in December 1952. From 1948-1953, the Soviet Union launched a new round of purge movement in the countries of Eastern Europe, which affected a wide range. In Czechoslovakia, 14 defendants were party leaders or senior cadres in the so-called "Slansky Anti-State plot Center case" from 1951 to 1952. A total of 11 people were sentenced to death and the remaining three were sentenced to life imprisonment. One of the founders of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Slansky was second only to President Gottwald, who stayed in Moscow during World War II and returned to his post as general secretary of the Czech Communist Party after World War II. He was a staunch Stalinist and an active follower of the Moscow line. In the early stages of purge, Slansky acted as Stalin's executioner: searching his comrades for his enemies and handing them over to the secret police of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, winning the trust of Stalin and Beria. However, it was such a senior leader who in December 1952 was put on the gallows by Stalin and his party on charges of Trotsky, Tito and Zionism. The Slansky case is a epitome of the Cold War era and a typical political trial in Eastern Europe. Understanding this historical event is of great significance for us to better understand the characteristics of the Cold War and the communism of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the newly declassified archival materials in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the beginning and end of the Slansky case. These include Slansky's pre-arrest activities and the turn of his fate, as well as his subsequent arrest, interrogation and final trial. The key role played by Stalin and the Soviet advisers in the fall of Sransky, the illegal means used in the trial and the dramatization of the final trial were emphasized. The second part analyzes the causes of the Slansky case. In 1948, when the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was formed, the Soviet Union needed a public trial in Eastern Europe for the purpose of resisting the United States and controlling Eastern Europe and anti-Semitism. By 1951 the purge had spread to Czechoslovakia: during that period Stalin's suspicion of Sransky grew; Western espionage agencies took advantage of this suspicion to carry out counter-measures, producing a letter reminding Sransky to flee to the West as "the Great Cleaner." It was this messenger Stalin and Gottwald made up their minds to arrest, extract confessions, try and execute Sransky. The third part briefly describes the social impact of the Slansky case. The Slansky case had a great social impact. It worsened relations between the two camps, heightened tensions in international relations and met with opposition and protest from the progressive world opinion that had been very sympathetic to the development of the Czechoslovak Republic. The Slansky case had a particularly negative impact on Czechoslovakia's political, economic and social life. The fourth part analyzes the motives of defendants and interrogators. In order to deepen our understanding of this cold war fragment.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K512.5
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 和婷;蘇聯(lián)集團對以色列的軍事援助（1947-1949）[D];陜西師范大學;2011年
，本文編號：2286174
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