歐共體建立初期的財政體系(1957-1967)
[Abstract]:The European Community is the product of the cold war pattern and modernization. In order to avoid becoming the victim of American and Soviet hegemony and to re-establish its status in the world, after many discussions among member states, Europe has established a supranational regional alliance. The Coal-Steel Community, the Atomic Energy Community and the Economic Community are the embryonic forms of the European Community, which has developed rapidly in accordance with the social needs of the post-war economic recovery, and has gradually stood out among the three European communities. The economic community has a great influence on the economy and trade of its member countries, which is inseparable from the establishment of a supranational financial system with its own financial resources. The economic community extends the scope of its functions from the depth and breadth, the financial sources transition from the financial assessment to the extraction of part of the tax revenue, the fiscal budget system is also continuously improved, and an independent audit court is established to audit the budget and implementation. The two major tasks of the Economic Community are the establishment of a customs union and the implementation of a common agricultural policy. Early self-financing mainly included tariffs, taxes on imported agricultural products, and part of the value added tax (VAT). The Community's removal of internal tariffs and the establishment of the same tariff have facilitated trade flows among member States. The import agricultural product price difference tax guarantees the community agriculture to avoid the international cheap agricultural product impact, at the same time as the community agricultural product export subsidy, strengthened the community agriculture in the international market competitive power. VAT is an economic measure to make up for insufficient fiscal spending, and it also makes the supranational fiscal system more closely linked to member countries. The purpose of the common agricultural policy is to adjust the agricultural institutions in the backward areas, improve the income of agricultural producers, and protect the agricultural development of the community. Since the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy in 1962, a large number of Community finances have been used to support agriculture in member countries, such as regulating the prices of agricultural products and subsidizing the export of agricultural products. These common agricultural measures have improved agricultural production in Europe. However, it also becomes a heavy financial burden for the Community, which affects the implementation of other tasks of the Community and causes the Community to fail to achieve its expected goal. The common agricultural policy seriously hinders the development of the Community. Under the consultation of the member countries, reforming the common agricultural policy and perfecting the financial system are the feasible ways to solve the problems of the Community. The auxiliary measures include adjusting the proportion of common agricultural fund in finance optimizing the structural subsidy and replacing the community's agricultural regulation policy with the market. With regard to the source of funds needed for the enlargement of the cause of the Community, the European Community, through the struggle between nationalism and supranationalism, succeeded in realizing the transfer of some sovereignty, which brought hope to the further development of the Community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:K505;F815
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