公平認知的個體差異性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 08:09
【摘要】：近年來,公平問題受到了越來越多的重視,各個學科的學者對公平問題進行了廣泛的研究。心理學界也開始對公平問題從各個方面進行研究,并且取得了豐碩的成果,然而關(guān)于公平認知的研究卻相對較少。作者旨在借助公平敏感性問卷,從個體差異的角度來研究公平認知。公平敏感性是指個體對公平的不同偏好。這種偏好導致個體對公平或不公平的結(jié)果有穩(wěn)定且個性化的反應(yīng)。公平敏感性把人分成了三種人,一種是大公無私型,這種人偏好投入大于產(chǎn)出；一種是公平交易型,這種人偏好投入和產(chǎn)于相等；還有一種是自私自利型,這種人偏好投入小于產(chǎn)出。作者的研究目的就是要用實驗的方法來研究這三種人在對與不公平相關(guān)的信息加工時是否有個體差異性。 實驗采用問卷法和實驗法結(jié)合的方式,實驗材料來源于現(xiàn)代漢語詞典中的164個詞語。作者邀請了30個不同專業(yè)的碩士研究生對這些詞語進行標準化的評定,評定包括兩方面,一方面評定這些詞語與不公平的關(guān)系程度；另一方面評定這些詞語的情緒效價。通過對統(tǒng)計結(jié)果的分析,最終得到符合實驗條件的詞語150個,包括與不公平有關(guān)的目標詞和與不公平無關(guān)的控制詞各60個,以及中性詞語30個。實驗一的材料有60個詞組,每個詞組有一個目標詞和一個控制詞組成,這些詞語的使用頻率和情緒效價等方面均保持一致。實驗二材料是30個中性詞。實驗三采用實驗一的實驗材料。最終結(jié)果表明：(1)公平敏感性與性別有一定關(guān)系。與男性相比,女性更傾向于大公無私,而男性則更傾向于自私自利,同時公平敏感性是一個較穩(wěn)定的人格維度,沒有受到個體文化水平和知識結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。(2)與公平交易型和大公無私型的人相比,自私自利型組的被試注意指數(shù)有顯著差異,被試會自動化的注意到與不公平相關(guān)的信息。(3)在三種人中,自私自利型和公平交易型組的被試在評定中性詞語沒有顯著傾向,而大公無私型組的被試傾向于認為中性詞語與不公平無關(guān),且有顯著差異。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the issue of fairness. Psychology has also begun to study the issue of fairness from various aspects, and has achieved fruitful results, but the research on fair cognition is relatively rare. The author aims to study fair cognition from the perspective of individual differences with the aid of the fairness sensitivity questionnaire. Fairness sensitivity refers to the individual's different preferences for fairness. This preference leads to a stable and individualized response to fair or unfair outcomes. The sensitivity of fairness divides people into three types, one is the selfless type, the other is the fair trade type, which prefers the input and the output to be equal. Another is selfishness, where people prefer inputs less than outputs. The purpose of this study is to study whether these three individuals have individual differences in the processing of unfair information. The experiment adopts the method of questionnaire and experiment. The experimental materials come from 164 words in modern Chinese dictionary. The author invites 30 graduate students of different specialties to evaluate these words in a standardized way. The evaluation includes two aspects: one is to evaluate the relationship between these words and unfairness, and the other is to evaluate the emotional potency of these words. Through the analysis of the statistical results, 150 words which accord with the experimental conditions were obtained, including 60 target words related to injustice and 60 control words unrelated to unfairness, and 30 neutral words. In experiment one, there were 60 phrases, each of which consisted of a target word and a control word. The frequency of use of these words and their emotional potency were consistent. The second experiment consists of 30 neutral words. Experiment three uses the experimental material of experiment one. The results show that: (1) there is a certain relationship between gender and fairness sensitivity. Compared with men, women tend to be selfless, while men tend to be selfish, and fairness sensitivity is a more stable personality dimension. It was not influenced by the level of individual culture and knowledge structure. (2) there were significant differences in the attention index of the subjects in the selfishness group as compared with those in the fair trade type and the selfless group. The participants automatically noticed information related to injustice. (3) in the three groups of individuals, there was no significant tendency in the self-interest and fair trade groups to rate neutral words. The subjects in the selfless group tended to think that neutral words had nothing to do with unfairness, and there were significant differences.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.1
本文編號：2311453
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the issue of fairness. Psychology has also begun to study the issue of fairness from various aspects, and has achieved fruitful results, but the research on fair cognition is relatively rare. The author aims to study fair cognition from the perspective of individual differences with the aid of the fairness sensitivity questionnaire. Fairness sensitivity refers to the individual's different preferences for fairness. This preference leads to a stable and individualized response to fair or unfair outcomes. The sensitivity of fairness divides people into three types, one is the selfless type, the other is the fair trade type, which prefers the input and the output to be equal. Another is selfishness, where people prefer inputs less than outputs. The purpose of this study is to study whether these three individuals have individual differences in the processing of unfair information. The experiment adopts the method of questionnaire and experiment. The experimental materials come from 164 words in modern Chinese dictionary. The author invites 30 graduate students of different specialties to evaluate these words in a standardized way. The evaluation includes two aspects: one is to evaluate the relationship between these words and unfairness, and the other is to evaluate the emotional potency of these words. Through the analysis of the statistical results, 150 words which accord with the experimental conditions were obtained, including 60 target words related to injustice and 60 control words unrelated to unfairness, and 30 neutral words. In experiment one, there were 60 phrases, each of which consisted of a target word and a control word. The frequency of use of these words and their emotional potency were consistent. The second experiment consists of 30 neutral words. Experiment three uses the experimental material of experiment one. The results show that: (1) there is a certain relationship between gender and fairness sensitivity. Compared with men, women tend to be selfless, while men tend to be selfish, and fairness sensitivity is a more stable personality dimension. It was not influenced by the level of individual culture and knowledge structure. (2) there were significant differences in the attention index of the subjects in the selfishness group as compared with those in the fair trade type and the selfless group. The participants automatically noticed information related to injustice. (3) in the three groups of individuals, there was no significant tendency in the self-interest and fair trade groups to rate neutral words. The subjects in the selfless group tended to think that neutral words had nothing to do with unfairness, and there were significant differences.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.1
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