發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 10:10

  本文選題：明代山東知縣 + 籍貫��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 縣是中國古代政治體系中最基層的地方行政區(qū)劃�？h最早起源春秋時期,一直延續(xù)至今。學(xué)界關(guān)于縣制的研究碩果累累,然而,相對于兩漢、唐、宋、清等來說,關(guān)于明代縣制的研究較為薄弱。其中很少有專門研究明代知縣的論文,而對于明代某一地方知縣的研究則寥寥無幾。所以本文試圖以明代山東知縣為切入點,進(jìn)而結(jié)合山東地方志資料,從知縣的籍貫、出身、任期、升遷及職能等方面展開論述。 全文分為六部分：第一部分是緒論,主要是回顧了近五十年學(xué)界關(guān)于縣制的研究狀況。通過對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)明代職官在區(qū)域史方面研究較弱。接著,闡述了本文的寫作意圖及研究價值。第二部分是簡單勾勒出明代以前知縣的設(shè)置沿革。第三部分是詳述明代山東知縣的籍貫和出身。通過對山東地方志關(guān)于知縣籍貫和出身的統(tǒng)計,得出明代山東知縣主要來自鄰省,基本上遵循籍貫回避制度。而明前期知縣的出身主要是監(jiān)生；明中后期,進(jìn)士舉人出身的知縣占絕大多數(shù)。另外,因山東內(nèi)部地域差異,西三府進(jìn)士出身的知縣要比東三府多。第四部分探討了知縣的任期及升遷情況。由于不同時期社會形勢和統(tǒng)治者的需求不同,明前期知縣任期為一般九年,而后期平均為三年,甚至更短。關(guān)于知縣的升遷,本文主要從知縣的升遷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、升遷速度和方向三方面進(jìn)行分析。明初,知縣實行久任制度,按政績考核,有才者高升重用；而明中后期,知縣遷調(diào)頻繁,且進(jìn)士出身的知縣升遷快,容易進(jìn)入臺署中央任職,舉監(jiān)出身的知縣則很難得到升遷。第五部分是對知縣職能的論述。知縣職責(zé)主要集中為聽訟斷獄、征稅派役、勸課農(nóng)桑、打擊盜賊、興學(xué)教化以及興修公共工程等。其中,明前期知縣的施政重點是興學(xué)勸農(nóng),明中后期則主要是完賦納糧。第六部分是結(jié)語,對文章進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。 對明代山東知縣的研究,不僅反映了明代國家機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作體制,也對現(xiàn)代縣制的研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:County is the most basic local administrative division in the ancient Chinese political system. County originated in the Spring and Autumn period, has continued to this day. However, compared with the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the research on county system in Ming Dynasty is relatively weak. There are few papers devoted to the county in Ming Dynasty, but very few to a certain place in Ming Dynasty. So this paper tries to take the county of Shandong as the breakthrough point in Ming Dynasty, and then combine the local records of Shandong, from the origin, origin, tenure, promotion and function of the county. The paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly reviews the recent 50 years of academic research on county system. By comparison, it is found that the study of the regional history of the Ming Dynasty officials is weak. Then, it expounds the writing intention and research value of this paper. The second part is a simple outline of the Ming Dynasty before the county establishment evolution. The third part details the origin and origin of Shandong county in Ming Dynasty. Based on the statistics on the origin and origin of the local chronicles of Shandong, it is concluded that the county of Shandong in Ming Dynasty mainly came from the neighboring provinces and basically followed the system of avoidance of origin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the origin of the county was mainly prison students; in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the majority of the people were born in the county. In addition, due to the geographical differences within Shandong, the West three came from the county more than the east. The fourth part discusses the term of office and promotion of the county. Due to the different social situation and the needs of the rulers in different periods, the term of the county in the early Ming Dynasty was nine years in general, but the average in the latter period was three years, or even shorter. As to the promotion of Zhixian, this paper mainly analyzes the promotion standard, promotion speed and direction. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the county was appointed for a long time. According to the achievements of the government, those who had talent were promoted and reused. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the county of the county was transferred frequently, and the magistrate who came from the school was promoted quickly, so it was easy to enter the central government of the Taiwan Affairs Department, and it was very difficult to get a promotion from the county where the governor was born. The fifth part is about the function of county control. The duties of county control mainly include hearing and breaking prison, taxing and serving, persuading farmers to teach mulberry, cracking down on thieves, setting up education and building public works, and so on. In the early Ming Dynasty, the administrative focus of the county was to build schools and persuade farmers, and the middle and late Ming Dynasty was mainly to pay grain. The sixth part is the conclusion, carries on the summary to the article. The study of Shandong county in Ming Dynasty not only reflects the operating system of state institutions in Ming Dynasty, but also contributes to the study of modern county system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K248

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本文編號：1868889