北朝人口結構和人口政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-26 14:16
【摘要】：魏晉南北朝時期是我國歷史上一個長期分裂和動蕩的時期,這一時期以鮮卑族為主的少數(shù)民族崛起于北方,建立了與南朝各政權對峙的北朝。南北朝對峙期間混戰(zhàn)不斷,是人口的大變動時期。在北朝,人口結構和人口政策問題既是社會政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等方面的直接反映,人口政策中的尊奉高年也是鮮卑政權漢化的具體體現(xiàn)。 北朝社會的性別結構和年齡結構是北朝人口結構的重要內容,首先,北朝社會存在男多女少的現(xiàn)象,其根本原因是封建社會男尊女卑的社會制度的存在,此外北朝一些生育思想和重視子嗣的思想也是造成男多女少的主要原因,北朝男女之間的高性別比對北朝社會的穩(wěn)定以及人口的再生產(chǎn)都是極其不利的。其次,北朝社會上層屬于老年型社會,孩童死亡率較低,老年人所占比重較大。主要原因是北朝社會上層地位較高,生活穩(wěn)定,加之統(tǒng)治者賦予的各種特權和社會上尊老敬老的風氣,都是這一年齡構成的主要原因。 北朝人口政策的相關問題主要為人口增殖政策和尊奉高年政策兩個部分。首先北朝時期的長期戰(zhàn)亂和頻發(fā)的自然災害致使人口銳減,因此這一時期人口增殖成為北朝人口政策的主要內容。北朝的人口增殖政策包括鼓勵早婚使男女適時婚配；賑災濟貧,減免刑罰,省賦役以育人口；放免奴婢和雜戶；出賜宮女允其婚配；對官吏的褒獎措施以及禁止屠殺含孕等。其次,尊奉高年也是北朝人口政策的主要內容。本文關于這一部分的寫作主要探討北朝尊奉高年的社會背景及其具體內容。
[Abstract]:The period of Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties was a long period of division and turbulence in the history of our country. In this period the minorities mainly of the Xianbei nationality rose up in the north and established the Northern Dynasty which confronted the various regimes of the Southern Dynasty. During the confrontation between the Southern and Northern dynasties, continuous melee was a period of great change in population. In the Northern Dynasty, the population structure and population policy were not only the direct reflection of social politics, economy and culture, but also the concrete embodiment of Xianbei regime's Sinicization. The gender structure and the age structure of the Northern Dynasty society are the important contents of the population structure of the Northern Dynasty. Firstly, there exists the phenomenon of more men than fewer women in the Northern Dynasty society, the root cause of which is the existence of the feudal social system in which the male is superior to the female. In addition, the idea of bearing children and the thought of attaching importance to children in the Northern Dynasty were also the main reasons for the increase in the number of men and women. The high sex ratio between men and women in the Northern Dynasty was extremely disadvantageous to the stability of the society and the reproduction of the population in the Northern Dynasty. Secondly, the upper class of the Northern Dynasty belongs to the old society, the mortality rate of children is low and the proportion of the elderly is larger. The main reason is that the higher status of the upper class of the Northern Dynasty, the stability of life, together with the various privileges conferred by the rulers and the social atmosphere of respecting the old and respecting the elderly, are the main reasons for the composition of this age. The related problems of population policy in Northern Dynasty mainly include population multiplication policy and the policy of honoring the senior year. First of all, the long war and frequent natural disasters in the Northern Dynasty caused the population to decrease sharply, so the population multiplication became the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. The policy of population multiplication in the Northern Dynasty included encouraging early marriage and timely marriage between men and women; providing relief to the poor, reducing punishment, and giving away servitude to educate people; freeing slaves and miscellaneous households; granting marriage to women in the imperial palace; giving commendations to officials; and prohibiting the killing of pregnant women, and so on. Secondly, respecting the high year is also the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. This part mainly discusses the social background and specific contents of the Northern Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K239.2
本文編號：2146278
[Abstract]:The period of Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties was a long period of division and turbulence in the history of our country. In this period the minorities mainly of the Xianbei nationality rose up in the north and established the Northern Dynasty which confronted the various regimes of the Southern Dynasty. During the confrontation between the Southern and Northern dynasties, continuous melee was a period of great change in population. In the Northern Dynasty, the population structure and population policy were not only the direct reflection of social politics, economy and culture, but also the concrete embodiment of Xianbei regime's Sinicization. The gender structure and the age structure of the Northern Dynasty society are the important contents of the population structure of the Northern Dynasty. Firstly, there exists the phenomenon of more men than fewer women in the Northern Dynasty society, the root cause of which is the existence of the feudal social system in which the male is superior to the female. In addition, the idea of bearing children and the thought of attaching importance to children in the Northern Dynasty were also the main reasons for the increase in the number of men and women. The high sex ratio between men and women in the Northern Dynasty was extremely disadvantageous to the stability of the society and the reproduction of the population in the Northern Dynasty. Secondly, the upper class of the Northern Dynasty belongs to the old society, the mortality rate of children is low and the proportion of the elderly is larger. The main reason is that the higher status of the upper class of the Northern Dynasty, the stability of life, together with the various privileges conferred by the rulers and the social atmosphere of respecting the old and respecting the elderly, are the main reasons for the composition of this age. The related problems of population policy in Northern Dynasty mainly include population multiplication policy and the policy of honoring the senior year. First of all, the long war and frequent natural disasters in the Northern Dynasty caused the population to decrease sharply, so the population multiplication became the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. The policy of population multiplication in the Northern Dynasty included encouraging early marriage and timely marriage between men and women; providing relief to the poor, reducing punishment, and giving away servitude to educate people; freeing slaves and miscellaneous households; granting marriage to women in the imperial palace; giving commendations to officials; and prohibiting the killing of pregnant women, and so on. Secondly, respecting the high year is also the main content of the population policy of the Northern Dynasty. This part mainly discusses the social background and specific contents of the Northern Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K239.2
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