發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 19:41

【摘要】：宋代前期,民戶為逃避職役重難,采取私自雇人代應(yīng)州縣役之法,朝廷對此屢禁不止。熙豐行雇役法后,以往的私雇代役人轉(zhuǎn)換成為官雇役人,人數(shù)與專業(yè)性都得到發(fā)展。元yP時期朝廷試圖恢復(fù)職役輪差之法,但承認私雇代役,于是州縣役的代役人通過轉(zhuǎn)換官雇、私雇,長期留于州縣,漸與胥吏混同,使得衙前與州縣役不再成為鄉(xiāng)戶之困,而鄉(xiāng)役給民戶帶來的負擔卻隨之突顯,私雇代役現(xiàn)象遂有下移至鄉(xiāng)役之勢。至南宋時期,鄉(xiāng)役雇值全被挪用,朝廷亦無法禁絕民戶私下雇人代應(yīng)保甲鄉(xiāng)役,私雇代役由此成為南宋民戶應(yīng)對職役困苦的另一途徑,且向義役滲透,這成為南宋官府安排職役時不得不考慮的重要因素,也成為后代職役雇役化的經(jīng)驗來源。
[Abstract]:In the early Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the civil service, the government took the law of hiring someone to serve the state and county service, and the court repeatedly prohibited it. After Xifeng employment law, the former private servant has been transformed into official servant, and the number and professionalism have been developed. During the Yuan Dynasty, the court tried to restore the law of service rotation, but admitted that they had been employed on behalf of private workers, so the conscripts of state and county service stayed in the state and county for a long time through the transfer of official employment, private employment, and gradually confused with petty officials, so that the government offices and state and county servitude were no longer difficult for rural households. However, the burden brought by rural servitude to the civilian households has been highlighted, and the phenomenon of private employment as substitute service has the tendency of moving down to the rural servitude. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the value of rural servitude was misappropriated, and the court could not forbid the private hiring of people to serve for Baojia, which became another way for civil servants in the Southern Song Dynasty to cope with the hardship of duty service, and infiltrated into the righteous service. This became an important factor to be considered in the arrangement of civil service in the Southern Song Dynasty, and also became the source of experience in the employment and servitude of future generations.
【作者單位】： 中國人民大學歷史學院;
【分類號】：K244

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 趙英;試論北宋職役制度[J];內(nèi)蒙古大學學報(歷史學專集);1981年S1期

2 鄭勝明;;宋代保甲法的鄉(xiāng)村社會控制功能[J];河北大學成人教育學院學報;2008年01期

3 田曉忠;;論宋代鄉(xiāng)村組織演變與國家鄉(xiāng)村社會控制的關(guān)系[J];思想戰(zhàn)線;2012年03期

4 魏光奇;;清代鄉(xiāng)地職役人員問題考辨[J];北京師范大學學報(社會科學版);2013年01期

5 周揚波;;南宋義役的利弊:以社團為角度的考察[J];浙江師范大學學報(社會科學版);2007年02期

6 葛金芳;;從南宋義役看江南鄉(xiāng)村治理秩序之重建[J];中華文史論叢;2007年01期

7 譚景玉;;宋代鄉(xiāng)村行政組織演變趨勢初探[J];學術(shù)論壇;2007年01期

8 劉云;刁培俊;;南宋義役田的產(chǎn)權(quán)分析[J];史學月刊;2009年04期

9 葛金芳;;從南宋義役看江南鄉(xiāng)村治理秩序之重建[J];宋代文化研究;2009年02期

10 刁培俊;由“職”到“役”:兩宋鄉(xiāng)役負擔的演變[J];云南社會科學;2004年05期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 刁培俊;;20世紀宋朝職役制度研究的回顧與展望[A];中國宋史研究會——唐宋經(jīng)濟史高層研討會論文集[C];2004年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 馬秋菊;兩宋鄉(xiāng)村職役的發(fā)展[D];云南大學;2012年

2 袁鐸珍;宋代自治性福利觀念和制度研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學;2015年

3 丁亮;明代役的結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];遼寧師范大學;2010年

，

本文編號：2148930