孫中山與金玉均的近代化思想比較
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-13 21:05
【摘要】：19世紀末,歐美國家的資本主義自由競爭進入了白熱化階段,這些國家為了確保市場、增強各自實力,爭先恐后地向亞洲國家進行經(jīng)濟侵略和思想、文化的滲透。面對西方的“沖擊”,亞洲國家尤其是中朝日三國,都經(jīng)受了國家、民族、思想、文化等方面的“全面性危機”或“整體性危機”的考驗。“西方”在“東方”的“出現(xiàn)”,有著多重意義。如何解讀,這直接關(guān)涉著擺脫“危機”的實踐。當時的中國和朝鮮,日本所面臨著同樣的歷史任務(wù),即要實現(xiàn)前近代社會到近代化的資本主義社會的轉(zhuǎn)換；要不惜一切代價抵抗西歐列強的侵略,保障國家的獨立,克服半殖民地性的民族危機。1868年,日本的明治維新在文明開化和富國強兵的口號下,吸收西洋文明和文化,實現(xiàn)了國家近代化,得到了顯著的成效,把日本帶進了資本主義國家的行列中,為周邊國家中國和朝鮮提供了新的歷史經(jīng)驗�？梢哉f,中國的孫中山和朝鮮的金玉均在日本的影響下走向了革命和改革的道路,以日本明治維新為藍圖,針對國家存亡的危機,提出了一系列反封建的、初期近代化思想,并且把建立近代國家的意志積極付諸于實踐。今天,中國和朝鮮都不同程度地實現(xiàn)了近代化。其中的曲折歷程以及經(jīng)驗教訓的深入反思對于我們更好地推動社會的發(fā)展有著重要的歷史意義和現(xiàn)實意義。孫中山和金玉均是中朝兩國近代化的積極開拓者,他們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)自己國家的近代化而獻出了畢生的精力。雖然他們最后未能實現(xiàn)近代化,但是他們的一系列近代化思想和實踐值得我們?nèi)ヌ接?通過借鑒兩者近代化思想的異同,促進我國現(xiàn)代化進程。 一個人的成長背景和歷史環(huán)境,對其思想形成和政治活動起到非常重要的影響,雖然孫中山和金玉均所處的社會地位以及改革方式截然不同,但是在打破專制和建立民權(quán),通過一系列改革讓國家迅速富強,維護國家主權(quán),重視對日關(guān)系,采用聯(lián)合的態(tài)度來抵制侵略、維護區(qū)域和平等方面卻表現(xiàn)出了很多相似點。因此,本論文在對當時中國和朝鮮的社會歷史背景及他們所受的思想因素進行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,從政治、經(jīng)濟和對外思想方面入手,對他們所提出的一系列反映當時國情的近代化思想和政策進行系統(tǒng)地比較,在總結(jié)其相似點和不同點的基礎(chǔ)上,分析和評價兩者思想在近代化歷史中的影響及其現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, the free competition of capitalism in European and American countries entered the stage of white-hot. In order to ensure the market and strengthen their respective strength, these countries scrambled to carry out economic aggression, ideological and cultural infiltration into Asian countries. In the face of the "shock" of the West, Asian countries, especially the three countries of China, North Korea and Japan, have withstood the test of "comprehensive crisis" or "holistic crisis" in the aspects of state, nation, thought, culture and so on. The appearance of the West in the East has many meanings. How to interpret this is directly related to the practice of getting rid of "crisis". At that time, China and Korea, Japan was faced with the same historical task, that is, to realize the transformation from the pre-modern society to the modern capitalist society; It is necessary to resist at all costs the aggression of Western European powers, safeguard national independence and overcome the semi-colonial national crisis. In 1868, Japan's Meiji Restoration absorbed Western civilization and culture under the slogan of civilized civilization and the strengthening of the armed forces. It brought Japan into the ranks of capitalist countries and provided new historical experience for neighboring countries China and North Korea. It can be said that under the influence of Japan, Sun Zhongshan of China and gold and jade of North Korea have both moved on the road of revolution and reform. Taking the Meiji Restoration of Japan as the blueprint, and in view of the crisis of survival and death of the country, they have put forward a series of anti-feudal and early modernizing ideas. And put the will of establishing modern country into practice actively. Today, both China and North Korea are modernizing to varying degrees. The tortuous course and deep reflection of experience and lessons have important historical and practical significance for us to promote the development of society better. Sun Zhongshan and Jinyu were both active pioneers in modernization of China and Korea, who devoted their life to the modernization of their country. Although they failed to realize modernization in the end, a series of modernization thoughts and practices of them are worth discussing, and the process of modernization of our country can be promoted by drawing on the similarities and differences of their modernization thoughts. A person's background and historical environment play a very important role in the formation of his thoughts and political activities. Although Sun Zhongshan and Jin Yu-yu are in a very different social position and reform style, they are breaking down autocracy and establishing civil rights. Through a series of reforms to enable the country to quickly become rich and strong, to safeguard national sovereignty, to attach importance to relations with Japan, to adopt a United attitude to resist aggression, and to maintain regional peace have shown many similarities. Therefore, on the basis of combing the social and historical background of China and North Korea and the ideological factors they were subjected to, this paper starts with the political, economic and foreign ideological aspects. A series of modernizing thoughts and policies which reflect the national conditions at that time are systematically compared. On the basis of summing up their similarities and differences, this paper analyzes and evaluates the influence of their thoughts in the history of modernization and their practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D09O2
本文編號：2377242
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, the free competition of capitalism in European and American countries entered the stage of white-hot. In order to ensure the market and strengthen their respective strength, these countries scrambled to carry out economic aggression, ideological and cultural infiltration into Asian countries. In the face of the "shock" of the West, Asian countries, especially the three countries of China, North Korea and Japan, have withstood the test of "comprehensive crisis" or "holistic crisis" in the aspects of state, nation, thought, culture and so on. The appearance of the West in the East has many meanings. How to interpret this is directly related to the practice of getting rid of "crisis". At that time, China and Korea, Japan was faced with the same historical task, that is, to realize the transformation from the pre-modern society to the modern capitalist society; It is necessary to resist at all costs the aggression of Western European powers, safeguard national independence and overcome the semi-colonial national crisis. In 1868, Japan's Meiji Restoration absorbed Western civilization and culture under the slogan of civilized civilization and the strengthening of the armed forces. It brought Japan into the ranks of capitalist countries and provided new historical experience for neighboring countries China and North Korea. It can be said that under the influence of Japan, Sun Zhongshan of China and gold and jade of North Korea have both moved on the road of revolution and reform. Taking the Meiji Restoration of Japan as the blueprint, and in view of the crisis of survival and death of the country, they have put forward a series of anti-feudal and early modernizing ideas. And put the will of establishing modern country into practice actively. Today, both China and North Korea are modernizing to varying degrees. The tortuous course and deep reflection of experience and lessons have important historical and practical significance for us to promote the development of society better. Sun Zhongshan and Jinyu were both active pioneers in modernization of China and Korea, who devoted their life to the modernization of their country. Although they failed to realize modernization in the end, a series of modernization thoughts and practices of them are worth discussing, and the process of modernization of our country can be promoted by drawing on the similarities and differences of their modernization thoughts. A person's background and historical environment play a very important role in the formation of his thoughts and political activities. Although Sun Zhongshan and Jin Yu-yu are in a very different social position and reform style, they are breaking down autocracy and establishing civil rights. Through a series of reforms to enable the country to quickly become rich and strong, to safeguard national sovereignty, to attach importance to relations with Japan, to adopt a United attitude to resist aggression, and to maintain regional peace have shown many similarities. Therefore, on the basis of combing the social and historical background of China and North Korea and the ideological factors they were subjected to, this paper starts with the political, economic and foreign ideological aspects. A series of modernizing thoughts and policies which reflect the national conditions at that time are systematically compared. On the basis of summing up their similarities and differences, this paper analyzes and evaluates the influence of their thoughts in the history of modernization and their practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D09O2
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