發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 07:08

【摘要】：遼河是中國(guó)的七大河流之一,發(fā)源于河北省平泉縣七老圖山脈的光頭山,流經(jīng)河北、內(nèi)蒙古、吉林、遼寧四省(自治區(qū)),主要支流包括渾河、大遼河、東遼河和招蘇臺(tái)河等。本文以吉林省遼河流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),研究對(duì)象為區(qū)內(nèi)的東遼河、招蘇臺(tái)河以及招蘇臺(tái)河的支流條子河,這三條河流不僅為流經(jīng)地區(qū)提供了寶貴的水資源,同時(shí)也承納了流域內(nèi)大量的生活、農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)污水,已經(jīng)遭到嚴(yán)重污染,改善流域水體污染狀況,緩解農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染是目前亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。本研究是在導(dǎo)師主持的國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 水體污染控制與治理‖中的 遼河流域水體污染綜合治理技術(shù)集成與工程示范項(xiàng)目‖支持下,基于課題組已有的研究成果,結(jié)合野外樣品采集、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)?zāi)�擬和數(shù)值模型模擬等方法,對(duì)流域土壤涵水和河岸緩沖帶截污能力開(kāi)展了較為系統(tǒng)地研究,研究結(jié)果為提高河岸緩沖帶的截污能力和緩解流域水體污染等問(wèn)題提供理論依據(jù),本文的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)利用Arcgis10軟件研究流域土壤物理性質(zhì)的空間分布特征。流域河流兩岸和水庫(kù)周邊的容重值較低,而總孔隙度的空間分布與容重相反。農(nóng)田土壤的容重值大而總孔隙值小,土壤水分吸收和運(yùn)輸能力較差;森林土壤容重值小而總孔隙度大,林下土壤的物理性質(zhì)受林木種類(lèi)的影響較大。(2)基于地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法研究流域土壤的涵水能力和土壤總氮、總磷的空間分布特征。研究結(jié)果表明,土壤的滲透性與容重和含水率呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與總孔隙度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤總氮和總磷均表現(xiàn)為各向異性的空間異質(zhì)性,且由東南向西北呈縱向梯度變化趨勢(shì)。(3)降雨徑流沖刷實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明,河岸緩沖帶對(duì)氮和磷具有一定的截留作用。寬度是影響緩沖帶土壤截污能力的因素之一,土壤的持水能力和滲透性是制約緩沖帶土壤截污效果的重要因素。(4)采用有限元數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)構(gòu)建了緩沖帶污染物截留模型,從微觀尺度闡明氮、磷在緩沖帶土壤中的遷移規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了河岸緩沖帶土壤對(duì)二者的截留作用,HYDRUS2D/3D模型的模擬精度高,適用于研究氮和磷在河岸緩沖帶土壤中的遷移規(guī)律。(5)基于全文的研究,對(duì)流域河岸緩沖帶的合理構(gòu)建提出建議。根據(jù)研究區(qū)的地貌類(lèi)型,建議低山丘陵區(qū)緩沖帶的寬度為15-60m,平原區(qū)緩沖帶寬度為5-20m;提出了低山丘陵區(qū)、平原區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)交界區(qū)三種典型地區(qū)河岸緩沖帶的構(gòu)建方案。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is one of the seven major rivers in China, originated in Guangtou Mountain of the Seven Laotu Mountains in Pingquan County, Hebei Province. It flows through Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces (autonomous regions). The main tributaries include the Hunhe River, the Great Liaohe River, the East Liaohe River and the Zhaosutai River. In this paper, the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province is taken as the research area. The research objects are the East Liaohe River, the Zhaosutai River and the tributary of the Zhaosutai River. These three rivers not only provide valuable water resources for the flowing area, At the same time, it has also accepted a large number of living in the basin, agricultural and industrial sewage has been seriously polluted, to improve the river basin water pollution situation, to alleviate agricultural non-point source pollution is the key problem to be solved. This research is supported by the integrated technology integration and engineering demonstration project of water pollution control and control in the Liaohe River Basin, which is a major national science and technology project run by our tutor, and based on the existing research results of the research group. Combined with field sample collection, field test simulation and numerical model simulation, a systematic study was carried out on the water holding capacity of the watershed soil and the interception capacity of the riverbank buffer zone. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the pollution interception capacity of riparian buffer zone and alleviating water pollution. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical properties in river basin are studied by Arcgis10 software. The bulk density of river banks and reservoirs is lower, but the spatial distribution of total porosity is opposite to that of bulk density. The bulk density of farmland soil is large, but the total pore value is small, the capacity of water absorption and transportation is poor, and the bulk density of forest soil is small, but the total porosity of forest soil is large. The physical properties of understory soil were greatly affected by tree species. (2) based on the geostatistics method, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus in watershed were studied. The results showed that soil permeability was negatively correlated with bulk density and moisture content and positively correlated with total porosity. Soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus show anisotropic spatial heterogeneity, and the trend of vertical gradient change from southeast to northwest. (3) the results of rainfall runoff scour experiment show that the buffer zone of riverbank has a certain interception effect on nitrogen and phosphorus. The width is one of the factors that influence the ability of soil pollution interception in buffer zone, and the water holding capacity and permeability of soil are the important factors that restrict the soil pollution interception effect. (4) the model of pollutant interception in buffer zone is constructed by using finite element numerical simulation technology. The transport laws of nitrogen and phosphorus in buffer zone soil were explained from microcosmic scale. The results further verify the high accuracy of the HYDRUS2D / 3D model for soil interception in riparian buffer zone, which is suitable for studying the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian buffer zone soil. (5) based on the full text of the study, Some suggestions on the rational construction of riparian buffer zone in river basin are put forward. According to the geomorphological types of the study area, it is suggested that the width of the buffer zone in the hilly region is 15-60 m, and the width of the buffer zone in the plain region is 5-20 m, and the construction scheme of the riparian buffer zone in the three typical areas of the low hilly region, the plain region and the bordering region of urban and rural areas is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52

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本文編號(hào)：2223552