發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-31 20:31

  本文選題：二化螟盤絨繭蜂　切入點(diǎn)：內(nèi)寄生蜂　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：水稻是世界主要的糧食作物之一。中國(guó)是世界最大的水稻生產(chǎn)地、消費(fèi)國(guó)和第七大水稻出口國(guó)家。水稻受多種害蟲和病原物的侵害,其中二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)則是發(fā)生最為嚴(yán)重的害蟲之一。二化螟能夠造成水稻減產(chǎn),并且給包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的水稻生產(chǎn)國(guó)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。通常,二化螟田間防治以化學(xué)防治為主,但是隨著二化螟抗藥性的產(chǎn)生,其防治效率呈下降趨勢(shì)�；瘜W(xué)農(nóng)藥的不合理使用所造成的殘留也嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的健康,特別是農(nóng)民的安全。生物防治是安全高效的農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲防治手段之一。二化螟盤絨繭蜂Cotesia chilonis是寄生二化螟的優(yōu)勢(shì)內(nèi)寄生蜂。鑒于寄生蜂觸角在成蟲交配和寄主搜尋中的重要作用,本文采用掃描電鏡和投射電鏡觀察、比較了二化螟盤絨繭蜂雌雄成蜂觸角的超微結(jié)構(gòu)。二化螟盤絨繭蜂的觸角分為柄節(jié)、梗節(jié)和由16小節(jié)組成的鞭節(jié)。雄蜂的觸角全長(zhǎng)2.57 mm,直徑67.77 μm,其中鞭小節(jié)每節(jié)平均長(zhǎng)度153.21 μm。雌蜂的觸角全長(zhǎng)1.29 mm,直徑59.91 μm,其中鞭小節(jié)每節(jié)平均長(zhǎng)度84.43 μm;均顯著低于雄蜂。雌雄蜂觸角中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了9種類型感器,分別是刺形感器、Ⅰ類毛形感器、Ⅱ類毛形感器、彎曲毛形感器、柱形感器、板狀感器、錐形感器、鐘形感器和Bohm氏鬃毛等。本文描述了這些感器的分布、形態(tài)和空間結(jié)構(gòu),并且分析了雌雄之間的不同。這表明二化螟盤絨繭蜂觸角存在明顯的性二型現(xiàn)象。本文結(jié)果為寄生蜂的嗅覺行為的研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。本文對(duì)二化螟盤絨繭蜂雌雄蜂觸角進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)錄組分析。測(cè)序共獲得了3.32億raw reads 和3.16億 clean reads,最終拼裝得到53,100條 unigenes。其中32,212條unigenes在NCBI的nr數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已有注釋。在所有注釋的unigenes中,分別有13,854和13,023條unigenes能與GO和COG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的序列所匹配。此外,26,865條unigenes 在 Swiss-port 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和25,312條 unigenes 在 KEGG pathway 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中都已有注釋。對(duì)基因的蛋白編碼區(qū)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)有32,074個(gè)CDS能與相關(guān)蛋白數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的序列所匹配。通過相關(guān)軟件預(yù)測(cè)獲得1,142個(gè)CDS。CDS和SSR總數(shù)分別是33,216和34,649。在所有unigenes中,化學(xué)感知相關(guān)基因的有:OBP基因6條、OR基因734條和SNMP基因30條;氣味分子分解相關(guān)的有:P450基因59條、酯酶基因48條、谷胱甘肽S轉(zhuǎn)移酶基因12條、ALOXs/ALDH基因39條和AOXs/ADH基因51條。雌雄二化螟盤絨繭蜂中差異表達(dá)顯著的基因有:OBP基因2條、OR基因21條、SNMP基因1條、P450基因6條、ALOXs/ALDH基因1條和AOXs/ADH基因5條。本文研究首次對(duì)二化螟盤絨繭蜂的雌雄成蜂觸角的超微結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)錄組進(jìn)行了比較分析,相關(guān)探索為今后寄生蜂的嗅覺研究提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Rice is one of the major food crops in the world. China is the world's largest rice producer, consumer and seventh largest rice exporter. Rice is affected by a variety of pests and pathogens. Among them, Chilo suppressalis Walker is one of the most serious pests. Chilo suppressalis Walker can reduce rice production and cause huge economic losses to rice producing countries, including China. However, with the emergence of resistance to insecticides, the control efficiency of Chilo suppressalis decreased, and the residue caused by the irrational use of chemical pesticides also seriously threatened human health. Especially the safety of farmers. Biological control is one of the safe and effective means of agricultural pest control. Cotesia chilonis is the dominant parasitic wasp of Chilo suppressalis. In view of the important role of parasitoid antennae in adult mating and host search, In this paper, the ultrastructure of the antennae of male and female adult wasps were compared by scanning electron microscope and projective electron microscope. The antennae were divided into petiole nodes. The antennae of the male wasp were 2.57mm in length and 67.77 渭 m in diameter, and the average length of each segment was 153.21 渭 m. The antennae of female wasp were 1.29mm in length and 59.91 渭 m in diameter, and the average length of each segment was 84.43 渭 m, which was significantly lower than that of the female. Male and female have 9 types of sensilla found in their antennae. They are spiny sensilla, class 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1692333