發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-01 00:19

  本文選題：樺纖孔菌　切入點(diǎn)：生物學(xué)性狀　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：樺纖孔菌Inonotus obliquus (Ach.ex Pers.) Pilat,是一種十分珍稀的食藥用菌,非常具開發(fā)的潛力。藥用部分為菌核,可治療多種疑難疾病,例如高血壓、癌癥、糖尿病等。其中,對(duì)糖尿病的有效率可高達(dá)93%,同時(shí)具有一定抗腫瘤活性。隨著人民生活水平的提高,其原料的需求量也逐年增加,但由于樺纖孔菌菌株間的生物學(xué)性狀和品質(zhì)差異較大,嚴(yán)重制約了樺纖孔菌的發(fā)展。為了更好地發(fā)揮樺纖孔菌的資源優(yōu)勢(shì),本研究對(duì)不同樺纖孔菌進(jìn)行了資源評(píng)價(jià)及礦質(zhì)元素富集的作用研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.應(yīng)用SRAP、ITS分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)對(duì)22個(gè)樺纖孔菌菌株進(jìn)行資源鑒定,結(jié)果表明：HLJ01, JL01, JL02, JL03, JL04, JL05, Z2, CX02, FH, NBRC9788, MAFF420239, MAFF420102, MAFF420243 和 MAFF420279的親緣關(guān)系非常近。他們中有七個(gè)菌株來自中國,一個(gè)來自朝鮮,一個(gè)來自芬蘭,一個(gè)來自美國,四個(gè)來自日本。菌株MAFF420256和HE在兩種標(biāo)記分析中的結(jié)果不一致。MAFF410028和NBRC8681在ITS分析中表現(xiàn)出了很近的親緣關(guān)系,但SRAP分析將MAFF410028單獨(dú)劃為一類。MAFF420348 和 MAFF420165在兩種分析中均表現(xiàn)出很近的親緣關(guān)系。MAFF420198在兩種分析方法中也表現(xiàn)出了不同結(jié)果。兩種分子標(biāo)記表明來自中國的菌株親緣關(guān)系較近。來自日本的菌株親緣關(guān)系較復(fù)雜。這表明親緣關(guān)系與地理緯度關(guān)系密切。日本的地理緯度差異較大,個(gè)別菌株親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)。中國的菌株及朝鮮的菌株地理緯度差異較小,表現(xiàn)出了較近的親緣關(guān)系。2.本文對(duì)樺纖孔菌的菌絲進(jìn)行了生物學(xué)性狀研究。包括樺纖孔菌菌株的菌絲顯微結(jié)構(gòu)、拮抗性、菌核栽培、不同生長調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)胞外酶活性影響等方面。結(jié)果表明：菌株JL01菌絲直徑最大,為4.20μm,與MAFF420101菌絲直徑較為接近,顯著優(yōu)于其他菌株；菌株FH拮抗青霉的能力最強(qiáng),菌絲長勢(shì)最好,菌圈直徑最大可達(dá)53.27mm；FH菌株生物學(xué)效率最高,菌核干重達(dá)25.81g/袋,生物學(xué)效率達(dá)26.12%；當(dāng)添加2,4-D時(shí)胞外纖維素酶FP酶與CMC酶活性均最高,可達(dá)8.12 U/g和13.11 U/g, KT處理的淀粉酶活性最高；6-BA處理的胞外蛋白酶活性在各個(gè)時(shí)期均顯著優(yōu)于其他處理,在菌核成熟期可以達(dá)到107 U/g。綜上所述,JLO1, MAFF420 102, FH, HE適合人工栽培,NBRC8681,MAFF420256, NBRC9788, MAFF420239, MAFF410028菌株性狀較差,均不適合人工栽培。3.通過對(duì)樺纖孔菌有效化學(xué)成分、礦質(zhì)元素、營養(yǎng)成分含量的分析,結(jié)果顯示：菌株JL01白樺脂醇含量較高,為23.7mg/g。 FH 次之。 MAFF420165、MAFF420348白樺脂醇含量均較低,不適合生產(chǎn)白樺脂醇。菌株FH多糖含量最高,可達(dá)9.7%,顯著優(yōu)于其他菌株,是開發(fā)多糖產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)良菌株；菌株NBRC9788鈣含量最高,達(dá)3.49 mg/g,顯著優(yōu)于其他菌株。菌株FH其次；MAFF420165的菌株含磷量最高,高達(dá)210.1μt/g,顯著高于其他菌株的磷含量；來自芬蘭的菌株FH游離水含量最高,達(dá)到77.21%,來自吉林的菌株JL01結(jié)合水含量最高,達(dá)10.74%；菌株FH粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量均最高,分別為1.93%和20.23%；粗灰分含量最高者M(jìn)AFF420165,達(dá)到8.76%；粗纖維含量較高的是來自中國的JL01,高達(dá)45.09%。綜上所述,菌株FH, JL01, MAFF420165有效化學(xué)成分含量較高,適合開發(fā)使用。菌株NBRC8681、MAFF420101, MAFF420348, MAFF420239有效化學(xué)成分含量較低。4.以樺纖孔菌為材料,研究了不同礦質(zhì)元素鈣,鐵,鋅在其菌絲體中的富集及生長的影響。結(jié)果表明：在培養(yǎng)基中添加1000mg/L的Ca (NO3)2能明顯促進(jìn)菌絲體生長和產(chǎn)量提高,鈣的富集率可高達(dá)0.07%。樺纖孔菌菌絲生長最適宜的鐵源是Fe2 (SO4) 3,添加濃度為300 mg/L,富鐵率最高為0.29%,優(yōu)于其他處理。添加ZnSO4濃度為175mg/L的處理菌絲長勢(shì)最強(qiáng),富集率最高可達(dá)0.57%；富集300 mg/L的Fe2(SO4)3處理對(duì)樺纖孔菌抗氧化活性整體效果較好,富集礦質(zhì)元素鋅對(duì)還原力提高和富集礦質(zhì)元素鈣對(duì)抗卵黃脂質(zhì)清除率提高作用效果最為明顯；富集1000 mg/L的Ca(NO3)2處理,樺纖孔菌菌株粗多糖,蔗糖,果糖的含量均最高,分別為15.63%,14.76%,13.08%；富集礦質(zhì)元素Fe2(SO4)3濃度為300 mg/L的處理氨基酸、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量均最高。富集礦質(zhì)元素ZnSO4濃度為175 mg/L處理濾紙纖維素酶、蛋白酶活性均最高。富集Ca(NO3)2濃度為1000 mg/L處理羧甲基纖維素酶、淀粉酶活性最高。
[Abstract]:Inonotus intermedius ( AchE . ex Maxim . ) The results are as follows : 1 . There are seven strains from China , one from North Korea , one from Finland , one from the United States and four from Japan . Compared with other strains , the diameter of the mycelium of MAFF420101 was close to that of MAFF420101 .
The strain FH antagonistic Penicillium was the most powerful , the length of the mycelium was the best , the diameter of the bacteria circle was up to 53.27mm ;
The biological efficiency of FH strains was the highest , the dry weight of sclerotium reached 25.81 g / bag , and the biological efficiency reached 26.12 % .
When 2,4 - D was added , the activity of extracellular cellulase FP and CMC was highest , which could reach 8.12 U / g and 13.11 U / g , KT - treated amylase had the highest activity .
In conclusion , JLO1 , MAFF420 102 , FH , HE were suitable for artificial cultivation , NBRC8681 , MAFF420256 , NBRC9788 , MAFF420239 and MAFF410028 were not suitable for artificial cultivation . FH the second time . The content of MAFF420165 , MAFF420348 and betulin was lower , which was not suitable for the production of betulin . The highest content of polysaccharide in strain FH was 9.7 % , which was superior to other strains , and it was an excellent strain for development of polysaccharide products .
The highest calcium content of strain NBRC9788 was 3.49 mg / g , which was superior to other strains .
The strain of MAFF420165 had the highest phosphorus content , up to 210.1渭t / g , which was significantly higher than that of other strains .
The free water content of strain FH from Finland was the highest , reaching 77.21 % , and the water content of JL01 strain JL01 from Jilin was up to 10.74 % .
The crude protein content of strain FH was 1.93 % and 20.23 % , respectively .
MAFF420165 , the highest ash content , reached 8.76 % ;
In conclusion , the content of effective components of strain FH , JL01 and MAFF420165 was high , which was suitable for the development and use . The results showed that the content of effective components of strain NBRC8681 , MAFF420101 , MAFF420348 and MAFF420239 was lower .
The concentration of Fe 2 ( SO4 ) 3 enriched in 300 mg / L has a good effect on anti - oxidation activity of Fuscoporia Obliques , and the effect of enriching mineral element zinc on reducing power and enriching mineral element calcium against yolk lipid clearance is most obvious .
The content of crude polysaccharide , sucrose and fructose was highest at 1000 mg / L , 15.63 % , 14.76 % and 13.08 % respectively .
The concentration of Fe 2 ( SO4 ) 3 was 300 mg / L , and the content of crude fat and crude ash was the highest . The concentration of enrichment mineral element ZnSO4 was 175 mg / L , and the activity of protease was the highest . The concentration of Ca ( NO3 ) 2 was 1000 mg / L , and the activity of amylase was the highest .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S567.39

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本文編號(hào)：1693133