發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 23:02

  本文選題：水稻 + 種質(zhì)資源　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究利用5,291個SNP標(biāo)記,分析了523份稻種資源的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu),采用全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析方法,對株型、種子顏色、直播出苗以及苗期稻瘟病抗性等重要農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行遺傳解析。主要結(jié)果如下:1.對523份品種進(jìn)行群體結(jié)構(gòu)分析,表明該群體可劃分為秈(469)、粳(54)兩個亞種,群體分化系數(shù)FST為0.56,表明存在明顯的群體分化。而469份秈稻品種可劃分為4個亞群(POP1-POP4)和1個混合群(Mixed),FST在0.05-0.25之間,表明各亞群間分化程度較小或處于中等分化水平。2.利用469份秈稻品種進(jìn)行各性狀的全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。在陵水和杭州環(huán)境下,株型相關(guān)性狀分別找到114和161個顯著性位點(diǎn),兩環(huán)境下共同檢測到10個顯著性位點(diǎn);種子顏色相關(guān)性狀,分別檢測到12和11個顯著性位點(diǎn),兩環(huán)境下共同檢測到6個顯著性位點(diǎn);直播出苗相關(guān)性狀,兩環(huán)境下均檢測到8個顯著性位點(diǎn),共同檢測到2個顯著性位點(diǎn)。在杭州環(huán)境下,苗期稻瘟病抗性共鑒定了16個稻瘟病菌株,檢測到了127個顯著性位點(diǎn)。3.對顯著性位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一因多效分析。株型和種子顏色性狀共有54個位點(diǎn)檢測到了一因多效性,包括NAL1和Rc。此外,在第11染色體上有9個位點(diǎn)與劍葉長和劍葉長寬比顯著相關(guān),形成一個大的基因簇。對稻瘟病抗性位點(diǎn)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)Pi9、Pi5、Pi56(t)和Pita至少在兩個以上菌株中檢測到。此外,還有8個新位點(diǎn)至少能在3個以上的菌株中檢測到,表明這些位點(diǎn)具有一定的廣譜抗性。4.對于分蘗角度性狀,找到了4個具有較大表達(dá)差異的候選基因,分別為LOC_Os08g33150、LOC_Os08g33160、LOC_Os08g33200和LOC_Os08g33420。分析LOC_Os08g33160在兩組不同表型品種中的表達(dá),其差異達(dá)到57倍左右。測序結(jié)果表明該基因在第4外顯子存在一個C-T關(guān)鍵變異,導(dǎo)致mRNA由CAA變成UAA,翻譯提前終止。該基因可能是控制水稻分蘗角度的最優(yōu)候選基因。5.苗期稻瘟病抗性關(guān)聯(lián)位點(diǎn)共找到45個抗性基因,包括4個已克隆基因。這些抗性基因主要分布在第11染色體(18個)、第6染色體(9個)和第12染色體(8個),具有成簇分布的特點(diǎn)。在這45個抗性基因中包含了本實(shí)驗(yàn)室在不同群體中已關(guān)聯(lián)到的LOC_Os12g23930。RT-qPCR結(jié)果顯示該基因在接菌后表達(dá)量顯著下調(diào)5.6倍,這與之前的報道一致。6.對S182菌株接種的抗性品種進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序,共找282個上調(diào)和401個下調(diào)基因,包括有8個抗性基因,有報道表明LOC_Os01g66020可能參與水稻白葉枯抗性調(diào)控。結(jié)合S182苗期稻瘟病抗性關(guān)聯(lián)分析,有3個基因在兩種方法中都能檢測到,分別為LOC_Os02g02850、LOC_Os02g41590和LOC_Os02g41630,其中LOC_Os02g41630屬于phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family(PAL)家族成員之一(OsPAL1),與OsPAL5同源,而OsPAL4對白葉枯、紋枯病和稻瘟病具有一定的抗性,表明LOC_Os02g41630可能是重要候選基因。
[Abstract]:5291 SNP markers used in this study, analysis of the genetic structure of 523 rice germplasms, using genome-wide association analysis method of plant type, seed color, agronomic traits and seedling emergence of direct seeding rice blast resistance by genetic analysis. The main results are as follows: 1.. Population structure analysis of 523 cultivars, indicating that the population can be divided into indica japonica (469), (54) two subspecies, population differentiation coefficient FST is 0.56, show that there is obvious social differentiation. And 469 indica varieties could be divided into 4 subgroups (POP1-POP4) and 1 (Mixed), a mixed group of FST in 0.05-0.25, indicated that the differentiation between subpopulations a lesser degree or in a genome-wide association study of medium differentiation level.2. using 469 indica rice varieties were all traits. In Lingshui and Hangzhou environment, plant type traits were found 114 and 161 significant loci, two environment commonly detected 10 significant On site; seed color related traits were detected 12 and 11 significant loci, two environment commonly detected 6 significant loci; live seedling traits, two environment were detected 8 significant sites commonly detected 2 significant sites. In the Hangzhou environment at seedling stage of rice blast resistance were identified and 16 blast strains, detected 127 significant loci.3. on significant loci were pleiotropism. Analysis of plant type and seed color trait of a total of 54 loci were detected by pleiotropy, including NAL1 and Rc.. In addition, in eleventh there are 9 chromosomes. A site with the flag leaf length and flag leaf length width ratio was significantly related to the formation of a large gene cluster. The blast resistance loci analysis showed that Pi9, Pi5, Pi56 and Pita (T) at least in more than two strains detected. In addition, there are 8 new sites to at least 3 or more strains detected, These loci showed.4. with broad-spectrum resistance to certain tiller angle traits, 4 were found with large differential expression of candidate genes were LOC_Os08g33150, LOC_Os08g33160, LOC_Os08g33200 and LOC_Os08g33420. expression analysis of LOC_Os08g33160 in two groups of different phenotypes in cultivars, the difference reached about 57 times. The results of sequencing showed that the gene in exon fourth. There is a C-T key variation, leading to mRNA from CAA to UAA, translation termination. This gene may be associated with control of tiller angle in rice blast resistance gene.5. in rice seedling optimal sites found a total of 45 genes, including 4 genes that have been cloned. These resistance genes are mainly distributed in eleventh chromosomes (18) chromosome sixth, (9) and twelfth (8), with chromosome clustering distribution characteristics. In the 45 resistance genes included in our laboratory in different groups have been closed Linked to the results of LOC_Os12g23930.RT-qPCR showed that the gene expression after inoculation was significantly reduced by 5.6 times, reported.6. resistant varieties and before the inoculation of strain S182 by transcriptome sequencing, a total of 282 up-regulated and 401 down regulated genes, including 8 genes, it has been reported that LOC_Os01g66020 may be involved in rice white the leaf blight resistance regulation. According to the analysis of S182 at seedling stage of rice blast resistance, 3 genes can be detected in the two method, respectively LOC_Os02g02850, LOC_Os02g41590 and LOC_Os02g41630, which belongs to the LOC_Os02g41630 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family (PAL) one of the members of the family (OsPAL1), and OsPAL5 and OsPAL4 on homologous, leaf blight, sheath blight and has a certain resistance to rice blast, suggest that LOC_Os02g41630 may be an important candidate gene.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S511
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本文編號：1751395