發(fā)布時間：2021-03-02 10:29

　　請求是日常生活中常見的一種行為。對于請求行為所進(jìn)行的研究涉及諸多領(lǐng)域,比如語用學(xué)、跨文化語用學(xué)、社會語言學(xué)、第二語言習(xí)得、會話分析等。然而,在國內(nèi),少有學(xué)者從會話分析的角度對請求行為進(jìn)行研究。本研究采用會話分析研究方法,以請求行為為研究對象,分析請求行為是如何發(fā)起的,請求者使用哪些會話常規(guī)做出請求,同時,在發(fā)起請求行為的過程中,請求者如何構(gòu)建其微妙性。基于在構(gòu)建請求過程中的可視化的微妙性特征對其背后隱藏的社會機制進(jìn)行深入探討。本研究基于對600分鐘真實的電話談話對其中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的請求序列進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)分別在第四、五章呈現(xiàn)。第四章關(guān)注的是將請求行為構(gòu)建成為具有微妙性的社會行為時請求者在序列組織中所采用的常規(guī)。研究表明,請求行為很少直接出現(xiàn),其前通常會出現(xiàn)請求前序列或請求前序序列。請求前序列的使用不僅在序列上推遲請求行為的出現(xiàn),同時也對請求被接受的可能性進(jìn)行探測。此外,請求前序列對請求行為的出現(xiàn)具有投射作用,被請求者借此主動提供幫助,從而避免請求行為的發(fā)起。請求預(yù)備前序列是一種特殊的請求前序列,提供與請求行為的發(fā)起相關(guān)的背景介紹與前提條件,使會話序列順利推進(jìn)到請求的發(fā)起,同時在序列上也... 

【文章來源】：山西大學(xué)山西省

【文章頁數(shù)】：202 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Research Object
    1.2 Rationale of the Present Study
    1.3 Delimitation of Delicacy
    1.4 Objectives of the Present Study
    1.5 Methodology of the Present Study
    1.6 Significance of the Present Study
    1.7 Outline of the Thesis
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Requests in Pragmatics
        2.2.1 Definitions of requests
        2.2.2 Classifications of requests and their criteria
        2.2.3 Grammatical constructions of request forms
        2.2.4 Politeness-related studies on requests
        2.2.5 Requests in cross-cultural pragmatics
    2.3 Requests in Conversation Analysis
        2.3.1 Request sequences
        2.3.2 Grammatical designs of the requesting turn
        2.3.3 Requests and directives
        2.3.4 Effects of reasons/accounts of requests
        2.3.5 Recruitment of assistance
        2.3.6 Studies on requesting from other perspectives
    2.4 Requests in Other Fields
    2.5 Delicacy
    2.6 Comments on the Existing Studies
    2.7 Summary
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
    3.1 Origins and Development of CA
        3.1.1 Influence of Erving Goffman
        3.1.2 Influence of Harold Garfinkel
        3.1.3 Development and classification of CA
    3.2 The Scientificity of CA
        3.2.1 Naturally occurring data
        3.2.2 The system of transcription
        3.2.3 A quasi-natural scientific approach
        3.2.4 Contrastive analysis
        3.2.5 Data session
    3.3 Basic Notions of CA
        3.3.1 Turn taking system
        3.3.2 Sequence organization
        3.3.3 Preference organization
    3.4 Research Procedures of the Present Study
        3.4.1 Observation and question formulation
        3.4.2 Data collection and transcription
        3.4.3 Analysis
    3.5 Summary
CHAPTER FOUR DELICACY IN SEQUENCE OERGANIZATION OF REQUESTING
    4.1 Delicacy in Pre-expansion of Request Sequence
        4.1.1 Delicacy in pre-requests
        4.1.2 Delicacy in pre-pres
    4.2 Delicacy in Goings-in-Front-of-Requests
        4.2.1 Delicacy in generic goings-in-front-of-requests
        4.2.2 Delicacy in type-specific goings-in-front-of-requests
    4.3 Summary
CHAPTER FIVE DELICACY IN TURN DESIGN OF REQUESTING
    5.1 Deferring the Requests
        5.1.1 Turn initial delays
        5.1.2 Other actions-prefaced requests
    5.2 Accounts
    5.3 Appreciation
    5.4 Index of a Distribution of Benefits and/or Costs Associated with Requesting
        5.4.1 Minimal portrayal of requesting
        5.4.2 Minimization of costs of requesting to requestees
        5.4.3 Maximization of benefits of requesting to requesters
    5.5 Lexical-syntactic Formats of Requesting
        5.5.1 Imperatives
        5.5.2 Interrogatives
        5.5.3 Declaratives
    5.6 Summary
CHAPTER SIX THE DELICACY OF REQUESTING AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
    6.1 Introduction
        6.1.1 Altruism
        6.1.2 Social norms
        6.1.3 Social solidarity
    6.2 Altruism and Social Solidarity
        6.2.1 Altruism in requesting sequences
        6.2.2 Altruism in turn designs of requesting
    6.3 Social Norms and Social Solidarity
        6.3.1 Requesting sequence and social norms
        6.3.2 Turn designs of requesting and social norms
    6.4 Delicacy,Altruism,Social Norms and Social Solidarity
        6.4.1 Altruism:the intrinsic engine for delicacy
        6.4.2 Social norms:the realization of delicacy
        6.4.3 Social solidarity:the aim of being delicate
    6.5 Summary
CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION
    7.1 Findings and Contributions of the Present Study
    7.2 Implications of the Present Study
    7.3 Limitations of the Present Study
    7.4 Suggestions for Further Study
REFERENCES
攻讀學(xué)位期間取得的研究成果
個人簡況及聯(lián)系方式


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碩士論文
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