發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-17 22:34

  本文選題：生態(tài)連接度 + 最小耗費(fèi)距離模型��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：世界自然遺產(chǎn)地是具有突出普遍價(jià)值的自然地貌、地質(zhì)或自然地理結(jié)構(gòu)、天然名勝以及明確規(guī)定的瀕危動植物生境區(qū)和劃定的自然地帶,長期以來受各種自然和人為因素使得許多世界遺產(chǎn)遭受著嚴(yán)重的破壞甚至是毀滅,對世界自然遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。三江并流地區(qū)為中國三大生態(tài)物種中心之一,其中包含著承載有相當(dāng)大比例生物多樣性的風(fēng)景區(qū)和自然保護(hù)區(qū)。它們在功能和生態(tài)過程上的連通對研究區(qū)生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建和生物多樣性保護(hù)具有重要作用。因此,研究“三江并流”世界自然遺產(chǎn)地景觀格局及生態(tài)連接度,對保護(hù)并合理利用這一珍貴的自然遺產(chǎn)、保持區(qū)域生物多樣性、提高區(qū)域生態(tài)安全等方面有重要意義。 生態(tài)連接度是景觀生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要研究方向,影響著斑塊間生物遷移擴(kuò)散、基因流動等生態(tài)過程。本文以“三江并流”世界自然遺產(chǎn)地為研究對象,以2010年的Landsat5TM影像為數(shù)據(jù)源,通過文獻(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料的收集研究,借助3S技術(shù),運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的方法對研究區(qū)的景觀格局特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。在格局特征分析研究的基礎(chǔ)上,把各景觀類型的生態(tài)功能強(qiáng)度評價(jià)細(xì)化到景觀格局指數(shù),客觀及科學(xué)的評價(jià)了研究區(qū)的生態(tài)功能阻力。進(jìn)而利用最小耗費(fèi)距離模型進(jìn)行了研究區(qū)的各片區(qū)生態(tài)連接度的評價(jià)以及片區(qū)間可能性廊道的構(gòu)建,揭示了生態(tài)連接度分異的因素并提出改善措施。 結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)林地具有面積最大、破碎度最小的特征,滿足作為景觀基質(zhì)的要求。景觀破碎化程度最高的為建設(shè)用地、農(nóng)業(yè)用地等人為干擾嚴(yán)重的景觀類型,人工斑塊的存在及擴(kuò)張,致使各生態(tài)功能斑塊之間面臨著被孤立的危險(xiǎn)。研究區(qū)的生態(tài)功能阻力由小到大依次為：林地、灌草地、水域、建設(shè)用地、耕地、未利用地。研究區(qū)各片區(qū)的連接度以中低水平為主,高連接區(qū)域所占面積很��；總體上呈北高南低圈層分布態(tài)勢,水平較高的分布于研究區(qū)的北部,極高連接度區(qū)域在研究區(qū)中呈現(xiàn)孤島狀分布。自然環(huán)境的制約作用、經(jīng)濟(jì)利益驅(qū)動下的人口和旅游發(fā)展帶來的開發(fā)建設(shè)、以及片區(qū)的空間分布是影響各功能片區(qū)生態(tài)連接度分異的主要因素。
[Abstract]:The World Natural Heritage sites are natural landforms, geological or natural geographical structures of outstanding universal value, natural places of interest and clearly defined habitats and zones of endangered flora and fauna, For a long time, many world heritage sites have suffered serious damage or even destruction due to various natural and man-made factors, so the protection of world natural heritage is imminent. Sanjiang Shuanliu area is one of the three major ecological species centers in China, which includes scenic spots and nature reserves with a large proportion of biodiversity. Their connection in function and ecological process plays an important role in the construction of ecological network and biodiversity conservation in the study area. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the landscape pattern and ecological connectivity of the "three rivers parallel flow" World Natural Heritage site in order to protect and rationally utilize this precious natural heritage, to maintain regional biodiversity and to improve regional ecological security. Ecological connectivity is an important research direction in landscape ecology, which affects ecological processes such as biological migration and diffusion and gene flow among patches. In this paper, the World Natural Heritage site of "three Rivers and streams" is taken as the research object, Landsat5TM image of 2010 is taken as the data source, through the collection and research of literature statistics, the 3s technology is used. The landscape pattern characteristics of the study area were systematically analyzed by using the method of landscape ecology. On the basis of pattern characteristic analysis, the evaluation of ecological function intensity of each landscape type was refined into landscape pattern index, and the resistance of ecological function in the study area was evaluated objectively and scientifically. Furthermore, the minimum cost distance model was used to evaluate the ecological connectivity of each region and to construct the possible corridor in the study area. The factors of ecological connectivity differentiation were revealed and the improvement measures were put forward. The results showed that the woodland in the study area had the characteristics of the largest area and the smallest degree of fragmentation, which met the requirements of landscape matrix. The highest degree of landscape fragmentation is the construction land, the agricultural land and other man-made artificial disturbance landscape types. The existence and expansion of artificial patches lead to the risk of isolation among various ecological functional patches. The ecological function resistance of the study area from small to great is forest land, irrigated grassland, water area, construction land, cultivated land, unused land. The connectivity of each region in the study area is mainly of middle and low level, and the area of high connection area is very small, which is generally distributed in the north high south low circle, and the higher level is distributed in the northern part of the study area. In the study area, the extremely high connectivity region presents an island distribution. The restriction of natural environment, the development and construction of population and tourism driven by economic benefits, and the spatial distribution of the region are the main factors that affect the ecological connectivity of each functional area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q16

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