發(fā)布時間：2018-07-10 16:26

  本文選題：從屬語法 + 內(nèi)省法��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：句法是語言學(xué)的一個重要分支,語言學(xué)史上功能主義學(xué)派和結(jié)構(gòu)主義學(xué)派分別從各自立場出發(fā)解釋語法現(xiàn)象。前者以韓禮德建立的系統(tǒng)功能語法體系為代表,他的經(jīng)典著作為《功能語法導(dǎo)論》；后者以喬姆斯基建立的轉(zhuǎn)換生成語法為代表,他的標(biāo)志性著作為《句法結(jié)構(gòu)》。。特斯尼耶爾在《結(jié)構(gòu)句法基礎(chǔ)》④這本專著中也系統(tǒng)、全面地探討了語言形式的一般規(guī)律,他不是絕對地從形式上總結(jié)句法規(guī)律,而是與語義功能結(jié)合在一起,這是他內(nèi)省法內(nèi)在要求。內(nèi)省法告訴我們,語形由語義來決定,并反作用于語義：內(nèi)省法揭示了聯(lián)系是句法存在的根本原因,聯(lián)系使得句子中每一個詞有機的結(jié)合在一起,句法是詞聯(lián)系的線性次序,而理解是把線性次序上升為結(jié)構(gòu)次序。特斯尼耶爾通過以涵蓋語義成分的詞類為基本單位研究出表示詞類之間從屬關(guān)系的樹形結(jié)構(gòu),這種樹形結(jié)構(gòu)向我們展示了句子的一般規(guī)律：動詞處于支配地位,其他詞類直接或間接從屬于它。而其中一些動詞直接支配的詞,特斯尼耶爾把它們看做是動詞的‘價’。特斯尼耶爾認(rèn)為句子從簡單到復(fù)雜主要通過組合和轉(zhuǎn)移機制：組合直接使句子變復(fù)雜,這是由于對句子‘量’的直接作用；而同樣使句子變復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)移,卻更強調(diào)對句子‘質(zhì)’的影響。 本人在英文語法研究的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)換很大程度上受到語法形式的束縛,而要突破這種形式達到語義理解和翻譯的目的就要回到特斯尼耶爾的內(nèi)省法上去,即重新思考源語言和對象語言理解和表達的機制,并最終確定翻譯過程中建構(gòu)詞類從屬關(guān)系這樣的‘中介語’的必要性。所以特斯尼耶爾從屬語法思想符合我們真正翻譯的基本過程。為了追尋特斯尼耶爾探索句法的歷史步伐來把握其思想歷程和找到更為豐富的句法知識以此服務(wù)于翻譯實踐的需要,本文從以下四個章節(jié)來展開論述： 第一章首先介紹了從屬語法產(chǎn)生的背景和該理論對現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)的影響。 第二章詳細闡述了特斯尼耶爾從屬語法的理論中聯(lián)系、組合、轉(zhuǎn)移這三大核心概念,還有從中探索出的動詞結(jié)規(guī)律和動詞價的概念。 第三章在理解這三大句法核心概念的基礎(chǔ)上本文力圖把其中一些理論知識應(yīng)用于英漢互譯：價的概念和轉(zhuǎn)移機制應(yīng)用于英漢翻譯。把從屬關(guān)系的樹形結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)省法應(yīng)用于漢英翻譯。 第四章最后本文對一些學(xué)者對他的詰難作了說明和從形式化的角度對他的理論作了補充。
[Abstract]:Syntax is an important branch of linguistics. In the history of linguistics, functionalist schools and structuralist schools interpret grammatical phenomena from their respective standpoints. The former is represented by Halliday's system of systemic functional grammar, and his classic work is the introduction to functional Grammar, while the latter is represented by Chomsky's transformational generative grammar, and his iconic work is syntactic structure. Tessnier also systematically discusses the general rules of language form in his monograph, "structural Syntax fundamentals" 4. Instead of summing up syntactic rules in formal terms, he combines with semantic functions. This is the internal requirement of his introspection law. Introspection tells us that morphologies are determined by semantics and react to semantics: introspection reveals that connections are the root cause of syntactic existence, and that connections make every word in a sentence combine organically, and syntax is the linear order in which a word is connected. The understanding is to raise the linear order to the structural order. By taking parts of speech covering semantic elements as the basic unit, Tessnier studies the tree structure that represents the subordinate relationship between parts of speech. This tree structure shows us the general law of the sentence: the verb is in the dominant position. Other parts of speech are directly or indirectly subordinate to it. And some of the words that are directly dominated by verbs, Tusnier sees them as the 'valence' of verbs. Tessnier believes that sentences from simple to complex are mainly through combination and transfer mechanisms: combination directly complicates sentences, which is due to the direct effect on the 'quantity' of sentences; and the transfer that also complicates sentences. More emphasis is placed on the quality of the sentence. On the basis of the study of English grammar, I find that the conversion between two languages is bound by grammatical forms to a great extent, and if we want to break through this form to achieve the purpose of semantic understanding and translation, we should go back to Tessnier's introspection. That is, rethinking the understanding and expressing mechanism of source language and object language, and finally determining the necessity of constructing 'interlanguage' in the process of translation. So Tessnier's subordinate grammatical thought accords with the basic process of translation. In order to pursue Tessnier's historical step of exploring syntax to grasp his thought course and find more syntactic knowledge to serve the needs of translation practice. This paper discusses the following four chapters: the first chapter introduces the background of subordinate grammar and its influence on modern linguistics. In the second chapter, the relation, combination and transfer of Tessniel's subordinate grammar are discussed in detail, and the rules of verb knot and the concept of verb valence are also discussed. On the basis of understanding the three key syntactic concepts, the third chapter tries to apply some of the theoretical knowledge to English-Chinese translation: the concept of valence and the transfer mechanism are applied to English-Chinese translation. The tree structure of subordinate relation and introspection method are applied to C-E translation. In chapter 4, the author explains some scholars' heckling and complements his theory from a formal point of view.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H04;H315.9

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本文編號：2113942