發(fā)布時間：2018-01-26 06:27

  本文關鍵詞： 法律援助制度 問題 完善　出處：《華僑大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：法律援助制度作為公民權利的一項重要司法保障措施，是社會經(jīng)濟和政治文明不斷發(fā)展的必然結果，，是社會法治發(fā)達程度的一個里程碑，但我國理論界、實務界對法律援助的重視仍嚴重不足，筆者作為司法部門基層工作人員，對司法行政在基層開展法律援助工作中的不夠重視特別有體會。隨著我國依法治國的全面推進，法律援助制度作為司法制度建設的重要組成部分，承擔著維護社會的公平和正義、保護特殊群眾合法權益重要作用，對其制度建設加以完善將更加迫切需要，在2013年全國兩會的政府工作報告中，健全法律援助制度作為一項重要的內容與健全維護群眾權益的機制、重大決策的社會穩(wěn)定風險評估和突發(fā)事件的應急管理機制進行強調，這對于我國法律援助制度建設進一步發(fā)展將有重要的推進作用。為此，筆者根據(jù)工作實踐經(jīng)驗，結合查找、借鑒的相關資料，對國內外的法律援助制度、對基層工作開展力度進行比較分析，著力闡述法律援助的現(xiàn)狀和存在的不足與問題，并有的放矢提出完善法律援助工作的建議，力求為基層法律援助工作提供幫助。 本文共分四章：第一章對法律援助概念及特征進行闡述。結合理論界關于法律援助的概念界定,從我國的立法和實踐總結對法律援助概念進行界定,詳細論述了法律援助的國家義務性、受援無償性、實質正義性等七個方面的特征；第二章對我國法律援助制度的現(xiàn)狀和存在問題進行闡述。以法律援助制度在我國的形成和發(fā)展的情況為基礎，介紹了法律援助制度在這一二十年的發(fā)展中取得的巨大成就，同時結合實踐經(jīng)驗對法律援助在法律規(guī)定、組織實施、資源狀況和社會參與等四個方面存在的不足進行詳細的解析；第三章對國外法律援助制度進行簡要介紹。通過法律援助制度在國外的發(fā)展過程以及英美日等國家法律援助制度的簡要說明，總結出國外法律援助制度最少在法律體系完善、國家責任落實、援助質量保證和援助范圍廣泛四個方面可以給我國法律援助制度的發(fā)展和完善提供良好的借鑒；第四章對完善我國法律援助制度提出建議。從完善法律體系的建設、優(yōu)化法律援助的機制、挖掘法律援助的資源和著力法律援助的普及四個大方面進行詳細的闡述，認為要制定專門的法律和完善配套的法規(guī)，要合理設置機構、注重全面發(fā)展和落實質量保障，要擴大法律援助實施主體和資金來源，要通過宣傳教育提高社團組織和群眾的參與。 總之，法律援助制度的完善涉及法律援助立法、組織實施等很多方面的內容，需要一個過程，更需要社會不同群體的共同努力。
[Abstract]:Legal aid system, as an important judicial safeguard measure of citizens' rights, is the inevitable result of the continuous development of social economy and political civilization, and a milestone of the development of social rule of law, but the theoretical circle of our country. The attention of the practical circles to legal aid is still seriously inadequate, the author as the grass-roots staff of the judiciary. With the comprehensive development of the rule of law in China, the legal aid system as an important part of the construction of judicial system. Taking on the important role of safeguarding social fairness and justice, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the special masses, it will be more urgent to perfect its system construction, in the government work report of the two sessions of the whole country in 2013. Sound legal aid system as an important content and improve the protection of the rights and interests of the masses mechanism, major decision-making of social stability risk assessment and emergency management mechanism for emergencies are emphasized. This will play an important role in the further development of China's legal aid system. Therefore, according to the work experience, combined with the relevant information, the author of the legal aid system at home and abroad. To carry out comparative analysis of grass-roots work, focusing on the current situation of legal aid and the shortcomings and problems, and put forward targeted recommendations to improve the work of legal aid. Strive to provide assistance for grassroots legal aid work. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter expounds the concept and characteristics of legal aid. Combined with the definition of the concept of legal aid in the theoretical circle, it defines the concept of legal aid from the legislation and practice of our country. It discusses in detail the characteristics of legal aid in seven aspects, such as the national obligation, the gratuitous nature of receiving aid, the substantial justice, and so on. The second chapter expounds the current situation and existing problems of the legal aid system in China, based on the formation and development of the legal aid system in China. This paper introduces the great achievements of the legal aid system in the development of this decade and twenty years, and at the same time, combines the practical experience to organize the implementation of the legal aid in the legal provisions. The problems in four aspects, such as resource status and social participation, are analyzed in detail. The third chapter briefly introduces the foreign legal aid system. Through the legal aid system in the process of development in foreign countries and Anglo-American legal aid system of Japan and other countries a brief description of the legal aid system. It is concluded that the foreign legal aid system can provide a good reference for the development and improvement of our legal aid system in four aspects: the perfection of legal system, the implementation of national responsibility, the guarantee of aid quality and the wide range of aid. Chapter 4th puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legal aid system of our country, from perfecting the construction of the legal system, optimizing the mechanism of the legal aid. Excavating the resources of legal aid and focusing on the popularization of legal aid are elaborated in detail, and it is considered that special laws and regulations should be developed and appropriate institutions should be set up. We should pay attention to the overall development and implementation of quality assurance, expand the subject of legal aid implementation and sources of funds, and increase the participation of mass organizations and the masses through publicity and education. In a word, the perfection of legal aid system involves many aspects, such as legal aid legislation, organization and implementation, etc. It needs a process and the joint efforts of different social groups.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D926.5

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本文編號：1464935