沖突與平衡:土地征收中的權力與權利
本文選題:征收權 + 土地規(guī)劃權��; 參考:《華東政法大學》2010年博士論文
【摘要】:土地征收中的權力和權利構成中,征收權和土地規(guī)劃權是兩個公權力,不動產財產權與土地發(fā)展權是兩個私權利。征收權與不動產財產權以及規(guī)劃權與土地發(fā)展權沖突的實質就是公權力對私權利的合法侵犯。這個“法”即劃定了公權力的活動空間和私權利的容忍范圍。 征收權是國家強制取得財產權的權力。征收權的客體是財產權利,包括物權和債權、動產和不動產。土地征收中征收權與不動產財產權的沖突的法律效果是不動產財產權變動,補償請求權產生,回復請求權產生。平衡征收權與不動產財產權的路徑是公共利益要件。應該把重點從公益要件的內容范圍轉移到確認公共利益的方法與程序上來。 土地規(guī)劃權是國家對土地利用行為進行限制的權力。土地發(fā)展權是私權,是獨立的財產權,在大陸法上是區(qū)分地上權。土地規(guī)劃權與土地發(fā)展權沖突的法律效果是土地發(fā)展權必須容忍而且沒有補償,但是如果超出必要的限度就必須補償,在這個意義上就構成管制性征收。在實踐中有司法界分法、私權內部規(guī)范法、補償替代機制包括TDR、私人協(xié)議等平衡路徑。 我國土地征收中征收權與不動產財產權的沖突中,雖然立法中有公益要件,但實踐中公益要件被虛置甚至變異。我國土地規(guī)劃權全部為行政權,致使規(guī)劃的公益擔保受到質疑。我國的農村集體土地發(fā)展權被有意的制度安排給剝奪和征收了,我國特有的補償替代機制是指標的轉讓。因此我國的平衡路徑應該是尋求法治的保障。我國應該確立法治國的比例原則,借鑒區(qū)段征收、市地重劃以及鞏固成都實驗的成果,運用比例原則來平衡土地征收中的權力和權利。我國還應該建立和完善公眾參與,從程序要件中平衡土地征收中的權力和權利。
[Abstract]:In the power and constitution of land expropriation, expropriation right and land planning right are two public rights, real estate property right and land development right are two private rights.The essence of the conflict between expropriation right, real estate property right and planning right and land development right is the legal infringement of private right by public power.This Act defines the scope of public power and the tolerance of private rights.The right of expropriation is the power of the state to impose property rights.The object of expropriation right is property right, including real right and creditor's right, movable property and immovable property.The legal effect of the conflict between expropriation right and real estate property right in land expropriation is the change of real estate property right, the emergence of compensation claim right and the emergence of reply claim right.The path of balancing expropriation right and real estate property right is an important element of public interest.The emphasis should be shifted from the content scope of public welfare elements to the method and procedure of recognizing public interest.The right of land planning is the power of the state to restrict the behavior of land use.Land development right is private right and independent property right.The legal effect of the conflict between the land planning right and the land development right is that the land development right must be tolerated and not compensated, but if it exceeds the necessary limit, it must be compensated. In this sense, it constitutes a regulatory expropriation.In practice, there are judicial division law, private right internal standard law, compensation substitution mechanism including TDRand private agreement and other balanced paths.In the conflict between expropriation right and real estate property right in land expropriation in our country, although there are commonweal elements in legislation, in practice the commonweal elements are fictitious or even varied.The right of land planning in our country is all administrative power, which makes the public welfare guarantee of planning questionable.The rural collective land development right in our country has been deprived and expropriated by the systematic arrangement. The special compensation substitution mechanism in China is the transfer of the index.Therefore, the balanced path of our country should be to seek the guarantee of rule of law.Our country should establish the proportional principle of ruling the country by law, draw lessons from the section expropriation, redraw the city land and consolidate the achievements of Chengdu experiment, and use the proportional principle to balance the power and right in the land expropriation.China should also establish and perfect public participation and balance the rights and powers in land expropriation from the procedural elements.
【學位授予單位】:華東政法大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:D922.181;D922.3
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