發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-22 16:54

  本文選題：公有公共設(shè)施　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)家賠償　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：設(shè)置、管理過(guò)程中的公有公共設(shè)施難免會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種侵權(quán)事件,對(duì)于事件發(fā)生后的賠償路徑,我國(guó)行政法學(xué)者多呼吁將其納入國(guó)家賠償法的范圍,筆者認(rèn)為適用民事相關(guān)法律進(jìn)行調(diào)整更有利于國(guó)家、人民、社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。本文先從公有公共設(shè)施的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)涵入手,再比較國(guó)內(nèi)外地區(qū)相關(guān)方面在法律上的規(guī)定：就大陸法系來(lái)說(shuō),將致害事件發(fā)生后的賠償問(wèn)題從民事法律中分離出去的國(guó)家比較多,而英美法系國(guó)家由于歷史原因、社會(huì)背景等特點(diǎn)在該問(wèn)題的處理上和一般侵權(quán)主體的救濟(jì)途徑一樣。然后從法律制定者角度分析了為什么不將公有公共設(shè)施侵權(quán)責(zé)任問(wèn)題歸結(jié)到國(guó)家賠償法中；從行政法角度分析設(shè)置、管理公有公共設(shè)施的行為不屬于行使公權(quán)力的行政活動(dòng)；在民法上,這種設(shè)置、管理行為屬于私經(jīng)濟(jì)行政,行政機(jī)關(guān)也是法人的一種。在歸責(zé)原則上,筆者認(rèn)為理應(yīng)使用過(guò)錯(cuò)推定的責(zé)任原則。無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則過(guò)于夸大了管理人責(zé)任,侵權(quán)賠償會(huì)成為整個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)上的包袱；公平責(zé)任原則更多的是在侵權(quán)人和受害人均不存在過(guò)錯(cuò)的情況下,針對(duì)賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行的道德上救濟(jì)。而過(guò)錯(cuò)推定責(zé)任原則一方面可以更好地保障受害人權(quán)益,另一方面針對(duì)國(guó)家承擔(dān)的賠償負(fù)擔(dān)可以建立相應(yīng)的基金制度來(lái)減輕,還可以借助社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)來(lái)降低管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the course of setting up and managing the public facilities, it is inevitable that all kinds of tort events will occur. For the compensation path after the event, the scholars of administrative law of our country often call for it to be brought into the scope of the state compensation law. The author believes that the application of civil related laws to adjust is more conducive to the harmonious development of the country, the people and society. And then compare the legal provisions of relevant aspects at home and abroad: as far as the civil law system is concerned, there are more countries separating the problem of compensation after the occurrence of injurious events from the civil law, while the common law countries are due to historical reasons. The characteristics of social background are the same as that of the general tortfeasor. Then the author analyzes why the tort liability of the public utilities should not be reduced to the state compensation law from the angle of the lawmaker. From the angle of administrative law, the behavior of managing public facilities does not belong to the administrative activities of exercising public power; in civil law, the administrative behavior belongs to the private economic administration, and the administrative organ is also a kind of legal person. The author thinks that the principle of liability of presumption of fault should be used. The principle of no-fault liability exaggerates the responsibility of manager, and tort compensation will become the burden of the whole country's economy. The principle of fair liability is the moral relief to the standard of compensation if there is no fault between the infringer and the victim. On the one hand, the principle of presumption of fault can better protect the rights and interests of the victim. On the other hand, we can set up the corresponding fund system to lighten the compensation burden that the country bears, and can also use social insurance to reduce the risk of management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D922.181
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本文編號(hào)：1649544