論《道德經》中“道”的層次性對學校德育目標分層的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-04 05:51
【摘要】：《道德經》是我國古代哲學家老子的著述。可以說是道家文化的集大成(者),更是中國哲學的開端。其內涵豐富,言語精煉。全文雖僅有五千言,卻盡含治國,修身等諸多文化精髓。而縱觀《道德經》全文,可以看到“道”這一核心概念范疇是貫穿了文章始終的。老子在《道德經》中關于“道”的觀點具有多結構性和多層次性。因此,學者們對于“道”的理解也是仁者見仁,智者見智。但是,至少有一個觀點是受到古今中外學者的普遍認同的。那就是“道”是道家文化中人們追求道德修養(yǎng)的制高點。而我國學校道德教育的理想目標是培養(yǎng)學生成為具有共產主義奉獻精神的至圣、至善的人。因此從某種意義上說,二者具有一致性。而“道”的觀念中“生而弗有,為而弗恃,長而不宰”。要“知常容”、“利而不害”等對得“道”之圣人的要求,也與我國學校德育目標對學生最終要求緊密契合。但是,我國學校的德育目標在經過多個時期的系統(tǒng)改革之后,雖然有很大改善,但是除了學校德育目標內容設定不夠完善以外,教育本身所具有的滯后性特征也使得學校德育目標始終難以擺脫實效性差的詬病。這就要求必須要對學校德育目標進行分層,因為只有多層次德育目標的設定,才能對德育目標進行多重階段檢測,并通過提高德育目標的層級序列性來促進學校德育的實效性。因此,深入分析《道德經》中“道”的德性層次劃分,將其充分運用到學校德育目標層次設定的過程當中。努力為學校德育目標的序列性層次劃分提供借鑒。本研究將重點分析《道德經》中關于“道”的內在結構及其德性層次的劃分,盡力根據(jù)對《道德經》原文內容的理解還原老子關于“道”的本來思想,及其內在層次性。在了解當代我國學校德育目標現(xiàn)存問題的基礎上,找到德育目標層次劃分與“道”的德性層次劃分的契合點。從而為學校德育目標的層次劃分提供合理性建議。為提高學校德育目標的實效性提供一定程度的有效借鑒�；诖�,本研究堅持理論聯(lián)系實際,重點運用歷史文獻法及文獻分析法對相關問題進行分析。首先,以高明著《帛書老子校注》為原本,并結合現(xiàn)代學者關于《道德經》的不同著述,在盡力還原《道德經》原文的基礎上,從德性分析的角度分析“道”的內涵及其層次的劃分。挖掘“道”的不同德性層次分別具有的內涵與特征及其相互之間的內在關聯(lián)性。其次,從實際出發(fā),在分析當代我國學校德育目標客觀分層的基礎上,針對德育目標的學段分層分析各個學段德育目標內容的設定,歸納德育目標學段分層的現(xiàn)存問題。最后,根據(jù)學校德育目標設定的多重依據(jù)及《道德經》中“道”的德性層次劃分提供的借鑒,針對學校德育目標的學段分層提供合理化建議。
[Abstract]:The Book of morality is the work of Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher in China. It can be said to be the collection of Taoist culture, but also the beginning of Chinese philosophy. Its connotation is rich, the speech is refined. Although the full text has only five thousand words, it contains the essence of many cultures, such as governing the country, self-cultivation and so on. Throughout the full text of the moral Sutra, we can see that the core concept category of Tao runs through the whole article. Laozi's view on Tao in the Book of morality is multi-structural and multi-level. Therefore, scholars' understanding of Tao is also from the point of view of benevolence, and from the wise to wisdom. However, at least one point of view is generally accepted by scholars at all times and in all over the world. That is, Tao is the commanding point for people to pursue moral cultivation in Taoist culture. The ideal goal of school moral education in our country is to train students to become the most holy and good people with communist dedication. Therefore, in a sense, the two are consistent. In the concept of Tao, "born and fattened, long but not slaughtered." The requirements of "knowing the common face" and "profit without harming" on the saints of "Tao" are also closely in line with the ultimate requirements of the goal of moral education in our country for students. However, after many periods of systematic reform, the goal of moral education in schools in our country has been greatly improved, but in addition to the setting of the content of moral education objectives in schools is not perfect. The lag characteristics of education itself make it difficult to get rid of the criticism of poor effectiveness of school moral education goals. This requires that the goal of school moral education must be layered, because only by setting the goal of multi-level moral education can we detect the goal of moral education in multiple stages and promote the effectiveness of moral education by improving the hierarchical sequence of moral education objectives. Therefore, the moral hierarchy of Tao in the Book of morality is deeply analyzed and fully applied to the process of setting the goal level of moral education in schools. Strive to provide reference for the sequential division of school moral education objectives. This study will focus on the analysis of the internal structure of Tao and the division of its moral levels in the Book of morality, and try its best to restore Laozi's original thought on Tao and its internal hierarchy according to the understanding of the original content of the Book of morality. On the basis of understanding the existing problems of the goal of moral education in contemporary schools in our country, this paper finds out the coincidence point between the division of the goal level of moral education and the division of moral level of "Tao". In order to provide reasonable suggestions for the hierarchical division of school moral education objectives. In order to improve the effectiveness of the goal of moral education in schools to provide a certain degree of effective reference. Based on this, this study adheres to the combination of theory and practice, focusing on the use of historical literature and literature analysis to analyze the related issues. First of all, based on the brilliant book Laozi's Notes on Silk, and combined with the different works of modern scholars on the Book of morality, on the basis of trying to restore the original text of the Book of morality, From the point of view of moral analysis, this paper analyzes the connotation of Tao and the division of its levels. Excavate the connotation and characteristics of different moral levels of Tao and the internal relationship between them. Secondly, based on the analysis of the objective stratification of school moral education goal in contemporary China, this paper analyzes the setting of moral education goal content in each section according to the stratification of moral education goal, and sums up the existing problems of moral education goal stratification. Finally, according to the multiple basis of the goal of school moral education and the reference provided by the division of moral levels of Tao in the Book of morality, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the stratification of the goal of moral education in schools.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G410
本文編號：2492519
[Abstract]:The Book of morality is the work of Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher in China. It can be said to be the collection of Taoist culture, but also the beginning of Chinese philosophy. Its connotation is rich, the speech is refined. Although the full text has only five thousand words, it contains the essence of many cultures, such as governing the country, self-cultivation and so on. Throughout the full text of the moral Sutra, we can see that the core concept category of Tao runs through the whole article. Laozi's view on Tao in the Book of morality is multi-structural and multi-level. Therefore, scholars' understanding of Tao is also from the point of view of benevolence, and from the wise to wisdom. However, at least one point of view is generally accepted by scholars at all times and in all over the world. That is, Tao is the commanding point for people to pursue moral cultivation in Taoist culture. The ideal goal of school moral education in our country is to train students to become the most holy and good people with communist dedication. Therefore, in a sense, the two are consistent. In the concept of Tao, "born and fattened, long but not slaughtered." The requirements of "knowing the common face" and "profit without harming" on the saints of "Tao" are also closely in line with the ultimate requirements of the goal of moral education in our country for students. However, after many periods of systematic reform, the goal of moral education in schools in our country has been greatly improved, but in addition to the setting of the content of moral education objectives in schools is not perfect. The lag characteristics of education itself make it difficult to get rid of the criticism of poor effectiveness of school moral education goals. This requires that the goal of school moral education must be layered, because only by setting the goal of multi-level moral education can we detect the goal of moral education in multiple stages and promote the effectiveness of moral education by improving the hierarchical sequence of moral education objectives. Therefore, the moral hierarchy of Tao in the Book of morality is deeply analyzed and fully applied to the process of setting the goal level of moral education in schools. Strive to provide reference for the sequential division of school moral education objectives. This study will focus on the analysis of the internal structure of Tao and the division of its moral levels in the Book of morality, and try its best to restore Laozi's original thought on Tao and its internal hierarchy according to the understanding of the original content of the Book of morality. On the basis of understanding the existing problems of the goal of moral education in contemporary schools in our country, this paper finds out the coincidence point between the division of the goal level of moral education and the division of moral level of "Tao". In order to provide reasonable suggestions for the hierarchical division of school moral education objectives. In order to improve the effectiveness of the goal of moral education in schools to provide a certain degree of effective reference. Based on this, this study adheres to the combination of theory and practice, focusing on the use of historical literature and literature analysis to analyze the related issues. First of all, based on the brilliant book Laozi's Notes on Silk, and combined with the different works of modern scholars on the Book of morality, on the basis of trying to restore the original text of the Book of morality, From the point of view of moral analysis, this paper analyzes the connotation of Tao and the division of its levels. Excavate the connotation and characteristics of different moral levels of Tao and the internal relationship between them. Secondly, based on the analysis of the objective stratification of school moral education goal in contemporary China, this paper analyzes the setting of moral education goal content in each section according to the stratification of moral education goal, and sums up the existing problems of moral education goal stratification. Finally, according to the multiple basis of the goal of school moral education and the reference provided by the division of moral levels of Tao in the Book of morality, this paper provides reasonable suggestions for the stratification of the goal of moral education in schools.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G410
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