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  本文選題：湖北省　切入點：耕地生產(chǎn)效率　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地、資本和勞動力是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的三大基本要素,通過三大要素的合理配置以實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)出最大化是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的目標(biāo),這其中尤其以耕地資源的配置最為重要。因為作為一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展關(guān)乎國民經(jīng)濟良好穩(wěn)步運行,而耕地的生產(chǎn)效率則決定了我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能否滿足國民日益增長的需求。鑒于耕地資源的不可再生性,耕地的合理有效利用是我國的糧食安全和國家繁榮穩(wěn)定的重要基礎(chǔ)。湖北省地處我國中部,位于連接南北,貫通東西的重要地理位置。由于所在的緯度適合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),且屬水資源豐富的長江流域中游地區(qū),因而素有“魚米之鄉(xiāng)”的美稱。雖然是我國的農(nóng)業(yè)大省,湖北省的人均耕地資源僅有1.33畝,低于全國平均水平,作為重要糧食產(chǎn)區(qū),其耕地生產(chǎn)效率值得深入研究。本文采用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析方法,從縣域?qū)用鏈y度湖北省耕地生產(chǎn)效率,分析其時空演變,并結(jié)合三階段DEA方法,剔除外部環(huán)境因素和隨機誤差的影響,使各縣域單元處于相同的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境和運氣環(huán)境下,測度其真實耕地生產(chǎn)效率,對湖北省耕地利用提出差別化的改進建議,本文主要結(jié)論如下:第一、三階段DEA方法第一階段的測度結(jié)果表明湖北省全省縣域單元耕地生產(chǎn)效率水平不高,且有逐年下降的趨勢,耕地生產(chǎn)效率兩極分化和低效率區(qū)規(guī)模的擴大是導(dǎo)致耕地生產(chǎn)效率低下的重要原因。第二、通過三階段DEA方法第二階段發(fā)現(xiàn),耕地生產(chǎn)效率受外部環(huán)境因素和管理因素影響顯著,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平、二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、土地區(qū)片地價和勞動力平均受教育年限對耕地生產(chǎn)效率都存在顯著影響,將這些外部因素和隨機誤差項剔除后,各地區(qū)耕地利用效率有顯著提升。第三、三階段DEA方法第三階段的結(jié)果顯示,湖北省耕地生產(chǎn)各投入要素存在冗余,其中勞動力冗余情況較為嚴重,且鄂東北丘陵區(qū)和鄂西山區(qū)勞動力冗余尤為突出,可見解決不斷增長的人口與稀缺的土地資源之間的矛盾依然是我國耕地利用效率提升中最重要的環(huán)節(jié);農(nóng)用機械的投入冗余率表現(xiàn)相對樂觀;化肥用量的投入冗余表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異性,有5個縣域單元化肥投入冗余顯著高于全省平均水平;播種面積的冗余主要是在前三類投入冗余綜合作用下造成的利用效率低下,其提升也依賴于其他三方面因素的提升,因此在前三類投入的適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合地區(qū)生產(chǎn)條件合理安排耕作制度將是其最優(yōu)解決方案�；�于以上研究結(jié)論,對湖北省縣域單元耕地生產(chǎn)效率提升提出以下建議:(1)有針對性地釋放農(nóng)村剩余勞動力(2)優(yōu)化種植方式,合理施用化肥(3)因地制宜地開展土地集約利用和“精耕細作”生產(chǎn)模式。
[Abstract]:Land, capital and labor are the three basic elements of agricultural production. In particular, the allocation of cultivated land resources is the most important. As a large agricultural country, the stable development of agriculture is related to the sound and steady operation of the national economy. However, the productivity of cultivated land determines whether the agricultural production in China can meet the increasing demand of the people. In view of the non-renewable nature of cultivated land resources, The rational and effective utilization of cultivated land is an important foundation for China's food security and national prosperity and stability. Hubei Province is located in the central part of our country, located in an important geographical position connecting the north and the south, and connecting the east and the west. Since the latitude at which it is located is suitable for agricultural production, It is also a region of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin with abundant water resources, so it is known as the "land of fish and rice". Although it is a big agricultural province in China, the per capita cultivated land resources in Hubei Province are only 1.33 mu, which is lower than the national average, and is regarded as an important grain producing area. This paper uses data envelopment analysis method to measure the productivity of cultivated land in Hubei Province from the county level, analyzes its temporal and spatial evolution, and combines with the three-stage DEA method. Excluding the influence of external environmental factors and random errors, every county unit is in the same economic environment and luck environment, measures its real cultivated land production efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the utilization of cultivated land in Hubei Province. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the measurement results of the first stage of DEA method show that the productivity of cultivated land in county units in Hubei Province is not high, and it has a decreasing trend year by year. The polarization of cultivated land production efficiency and the expansion of inefficient area scale are the important reasons leading to the inefficiency of cultivated land production. Secondly, through the three-stage DEA method, the second stage finds out, The productive efficiency of cultivated land was significantly affected by external environmental factors and management factors. The level of agricultural development, the dual economic structure, the land price in the land area and the average educational years of the labor force all had significant effects on the productivity of cultivated land. After these external factors and random errors are eliminated, the cultivated land use efficiency of each region is improved significantly. Thirdly, the results of the third stage of DEA method show that the input elements of cultivated land production in Hubei Province are redundant. Among them, the labor force redundancy is serious, especially in the hilly area of northeast Hubei and the western Hubei mountain area. It can be seen that solving the contradiction between the growing population and scarce land resources is still the most important link in improving the efficiency of cultivated land use, and the redundant rate of input of agricultural machinery is relatively optimistic. There were significant differences in the input redundancy of fertilizer amount, and the redundancy of fertilizer input in 5 counties was significantly higher than the average level of the whole province, and the redundancy of sowing area was mainly caused by the low utilization efficiency caused by the combined effect of the first three types of input redundancy. Its promotion also depends on the other three factors, so it will be the best solution to arrange the farming system on the basis of the proper regulation of the first three kinds of inputs combined with the regional production conditions. The following suggestions are put forward to improve the productivity of cultivated land in the county area of Hubei Province: 1) to release rural surplus labor force 2) to optimize the planting method, to apply chemical fertilizer 3) to develop intensive land use and "intensive farming" production mode according to local conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

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