發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-16 11:49

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 直流電暈放電 相對(duì)濕度 放電參數(shù) 電流密度 電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng) 電暈效應(yīng)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：實(shí)施我國(guó)西電東送的能源戰(zhàn)略,國(guó)家已經(jīng)投運(yùn)了多條不同等級(jí)的高壓和特高壓直流輸電線路。特高壓直流輸電需要考慮輸電過(guò)程中電暈放電的產(chǎn)生。電暈放電不但增加線路的功率損耗,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)線電干擾、可聽(tīng)噪聲等一系列的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,環(huán)境問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注,并受到環(huán)保法規(guī)的嚴(yán)格制約。這就使得電暈放電成為決定直流輸電線路結(jié)構(gòu),影響建設(shè)費(fèi)用的重要因素。我國(guó)特高壓直流輸電線路的輸送距離遠(yuǎn),工程沿線地形、地貌與氣象條件復(fù)雜,不可避免地需要經(jīng)過(guò)高濕度地區(qū)。因此,研究空氣濕度對(duì)直流電暈放電的影響具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際意義。 本文針對(duì)空氣濕度對(duì)導(dǎo)體電暈放電的影響進(jìn)行了深入研究。系統(tǒng)地計(jì)算分析了空氣濕度對(duì)支配電暈放電性質(zhì)的參數(shù),如電離系數(shù)、附著系數(shù)、光子吸收系數(shù)、電子和離子漂移系數(shù)以及電離層半徑等的影響�；�于對(duì)導(dǎo)體電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的分解、對(duì)考慮濕度的電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)構(gòu)成的理論分析和電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的模擬計(jì)算,研究了Peek公式的修正。結(jié)合本文給出的修正的Peek公式,系統(tǒng)地計(jì)算分析了濕度對(duì)電暈效應(yīng)的影響。本論文主要包含以下方面的內(nèi)容和結(jié)果： (1)介紹了環(huán)境空氣的組成和特性以及電暈放電中的電離、附著等物理過(guò)程。在此基礎(chǔ)上,描述了正、負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體電暈放電機(jī)理,描述了正、負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體電離層中電荷數(shù)量密度分布的一維數(shù)學(xué)模型。 (2)電暈放電的性質(zhì)與多個(gè)參數(shù)相關(guān),即電離系數(shù)、附著系數(shù)、光子吸收系數(shù)、電子漂移速度和正離子漂移速度等。因此,空氣濕度對(duì)電暈放電性質(zhì)的影響將通過(guò)對(duì)這些參數(shù)的影響來(lái)產(chǎn)生。基于對(duì)濕空氣下的各放電參數(shù)相應(yīng)于干空氣和水蒸氣的分解,系統(tǒng)地計(jì)算分析了空氣濕度對(duì)各放電參數(shù)的影響,得到了這些參數(shù)隨空氣濕度變化的規(guī)律,這就是：電離系數(shù)隨濕度增大,較大的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度使這一影響更為顯著；低場(chǎng)強(qiáng)下附著系數(shù)隨濕度增大,高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)下隨濕度減小；光子吸收系數(shù)隨濕度增大；電子和正離子漂移速度分別隨濕度增大和減小,大的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度使這一效應(yīng)減小。此外,計(jì)算分析了濕度對(duì)導(dǎo)體外電離層的影響。結(jié)果表明,電離層半徑隨著濕度的增大而減小。 (3)基于電離層內(nèi)電荷數(shù)量密度一維數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算分析了濕度對(duì)電離層內(nèi)電流密度的影響,得到以下結(jié)果：對(duì)于大半徑正極性導(dǎo)體,電流密度均隨濕度減小,導(dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增加使這一效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)；對(duì)于小半徑正極性導(dǎo)體,電流密度隨濕度的變化基本上呈現(xiàn)先減小后增大的特征。電流密度隨濕度減小時(shí),導(dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增大使這一效應(yīng)減弱。電流密度隨濕度增大時(shí),導(dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增大使這一效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)。對(duì)于負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體,電流密度均隨濕度增大,且這一效應(yīng)隨導(dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度增大而增大。 (4)湯生第二電離系數(shù)是描述負(fù)直流電暈放電的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。本文研究了不同濕度下,導(dǎo)體表面水分子的吸附對(duì)導(dǎo)體逸出功的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上給出了一個(gè)考慮空氣濕度的湯生第二電離系數(shù)的計(jì)算方法,應(yīng)用該方法計(jì)算的結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)符合很好。這一方法對(duì)于考慮導(dǎo)體表面水分子吸附時(shí)導(dǎo)體放電的研究具有重要的理論意義。 (5)Peek公式由于它的簡(jiǎn)單和解析的特點(diǎn),長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直被用來(lái)估計(jì)導(dǎo)體電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)。然而,該公式的局限是未考慮空氣濕度的影響。目前,尚未有一個(gè)較好地估計(jì)考慮空氣濕度影響的電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的解析表達(dá)式。基于對(duì)導(dǎo)體電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的分解,對(duì)考慮濕度的電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的構(gòu)成作了理論分析和推導(dǎo),結(jié)合應(yīng)用導(dǎo)體電暈起始判據(jù)的不同濕度下的電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算,對(duì)Peek公式作了修正,分別給出了考慮空氣濕度的正極性和負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)計(jì)算的修正的Peek公式�；�于修正的Peek公式計(jì)算的不同濕度電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)與報(bào)道的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果符合很好。因此,本文給出的修正的Peek公式為不同空氣濕度下的導(dǎo)體電暈起始場(chǎng)強(qiáng)提供了一個(gè)有效可行的理論估計(jì)。 (6)基于本文給出的修正的Peek公式,系統(tǒng)地計(jì)算分析了空氣濕度對(duì)電暈可聽(tīng)噪聲、電暈損耗以及無(wú)線電干擾等電暈效應(yīng)的影響,得到了如下結(jié)果。 濕度對(duì)電暈可聽(tīng)噪聲的影響：對(duì)于不同半徑正極性導(dǎo)體,大的半徑和小的半徑下A聲計(jì)聲功率級(jí)(PWL)分別隨濕度減小和增大。對(duì)于不同半徑負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體,PWL基本上隨濕度增加,只是與大半徑導(dǎo)體相比,對(duì)于小半徑導(dǎo)體濕度對(duì)PWL的影響更為顯著。對(duì)于不同半徑和不同極性的導(dǎo)體,濕度對(duì)Lso聲級(jí)(SLA)的影響基本一致,即SLA隨濕度的增加而增加。 濕度對(duì)電暈損耗的影響：對(duì)正極性導(dǎo)體,大半徑和小半徑導(dǎo)體的電暈損耗分別隨濕度減小和增大。對(duì)于負(fù)極性導(dǎo)體,大半徑導(dǎo)體的電暈損耗隨濕度的增加先減小后增大,小半徑導(dǎo)體的電暈損耗隨濕度增大。 濕度對(duì)電暈無(wú)線電干擾水平的影響：正極性導(dǎo)體電暈產(chǎn)生的無(wú)線電干擾水平隨濕度減小。對(duì)于大半徑導(dǎo)體以及大的導(dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度,濕度對(duì)無(wú)線電干擾水平的影響顯著。對(duì)于小半徑導(dǎo)體,這一變化很小,且?guī)缀醪皇軐?dǎo)體表面電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的影響。
[Abstract]:The implementation of power transmission from west to east energy strategy of our country, the country has been put into operation of high pressure and ultra high voltage DC transmission lines and a plurality of different levels. The need to consider the UHVDC corona discharge of transmission process. The corona discharge will not only increase the loss of power lines, can cause radio interference, audible noise of a series of environmental problems. With the continuous development of economy, environmental problems have attracted more and more attention, and is restricted by the strict environmental regulations. This makes the corona discharge become DC transmission line structure, factors that influence the construction cost. The transportation distance of UHVDC transmission lines in China, along the terrain, topography and meteorology the condition is complex, inevitably requires high humidity areas. Therefore, study on the influence of air humidity on DC corona discharge has important theoretical significance and practical significance.
This paper studies the effects of air humidity on conductor corona discharge were analyzed systematically. The parameters of air humidity on corona discharge control properties, such as ionization coefficient, friction coefficient, photon absorption coefficient, influence of electron and ion drift coefficient and ionospheric radius. The decomposition of conductor corona onset electric field based on simulation the theoretical analysis and field considering corona onset corona inception of the humidity field, correction of Peek formula. Combined with the modified Peek formula is given in this paper, systematically analyzed influence of humidity on corona effect. This paper mainly contains the following contents and results:
(1) the composition and characteristics of ambient air and the physical processes such as ionization and adhesion in the corona discharge are introduced. On this basis, the corona discharge mechanism of positive and negative conductor is described, and the one-dimensional mathematical model of the number density distribution of positive and negative conductor ionosphere is described.
(2) the nature of the corona discharge associated with multiple parameters, namely the ionization coefficient, friction coefficient, photon absorption coefficient, electron drift velocity and positive ion drift velocity. Therefore, effects of air humidity on corona discharge properties by the influence of these parameters to generate various discharge parameters on the wet air. Based on the corresponding in the dry air and water vapor decomposition, systematic calculation and Analysis on influence of air humidity on the discharge parameters, obtained the law of these parameters with the variation of air humidity: the ionization coefficient with increasing humidity, electric field intensity of the larger the effect is more significant; low field strength adhesion coefficient with increasing humidity. Under high electric field with the humidity decreases with increasing humidity; photon absorption coefficient; electron and positive ion drift velocity respectively with increasing humidity and reduced electric field strength large this effect decreases. In addition, calculation analysis The effect of humidity on the outer ionosphere of the conductor shows that the radius of the ionosphere decreases with the increase of humidity.
(3) the charge number density of one dimensional mathematical model based on the analysis of the influence of humidity on the ionospheric current density calculation, get the following results: for large radius positive conductor current density increased with the increase of humidity decreases, the surface electric field strength of conductor makes this effect enhancement; for small radius anode conductor, current density with the change of moisture basically characterized first decrease and then increase. The current density decreases with increasing humidity, electric field intensity on the surface of the conductor. The current density effect decreases with increasing humidity, increase the surface electric field strength of conductor makes this effect enhanced. For the negative conductor, the current density increases with increasing humidity. The effect with the conductor surface field strength increases.
(4) second students ionization coefficient is a key parameter to describe the decoction of negative DC corona discharge. This paper studied the effects of different humidity, the adsorption of water molecules on the surface of conductor conductor work, on the basis of this gives a consideration of air humidity second Townsend ionization coefficient calculation method, calculated by this method the results are consistent with experimental data. This method has important theoretical significance for the study of the conductor and the conductor surface discharge water molecular adsorption is considered.
(5) Peek formula due to its characteristics of simple and analytical, has long been used to estimate the conductor corona onset electric field. However, the formula is limited without considering the effect of air humidity. At present, there is not yet a better estimate of the analytical expression of the effect of air humidity on corona onset electric field considering the decomposition of conductor corona. The initial field based on considering corona inception field strength humidity are analyzed and deduced, combined with the numerical system of corona inception field strength and different humidity application conductor corona onset criterion under the calculation of the Peek formula was modified. The modified Peek formula to calculate the air humidity of the positive and negative polarity conductor corona onset considering the field are given. The calculation formula of Peek based on the different humidity corona inception field strength with the reported experimental results are in good agreement. Therefore, the proposed modified The Peek formula provides an effective and feasible theoretical estimate for the starting field intensity of conductors at different air humidity.
(6) based on the modified Peek formula given in this paper, the influence of air humidity on corona audible noise, corona loss and radio interference is systematically calculated and analyzed, and the following results are obtained.
Influence of humidity on corona audible noise for different radius positive conductor, large and small radii of A sound sound power level (PWL) respectively with humidity decrease and increase. For different radius negative conductor, PWL basically with the increase of humidity, but with a large radius conductor compared to effects on small radius the conductor of humidity on PWL is more significant. For different radius and conductors of different polarity, humidity on level Lso (SLA) effect is consistent, namely SLA increased along with the increase of humidity.
Effect of humidity on corona loss of positive conductor corona loss, large radius and small radius conductor respectively with the humidity decrease and increase. For the negative conductor corona loss, large radius of conductor along with the increase of humidity decreases first and then increases, the small radius of conductor corona loss with increasing humidity.
Influence of humidity on corona radio interference level: radio interference level positive conductor corona with humidity decreases. For large radius of conductor and the conductor surface field strength, the influence of humidity on the radio interference level significantly. For small radius of conductor, this change is very small, and almost not affected by the surface field strength of conductor.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM851

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本文編號(hào)：1515448