海上風電場建設水下噪聲對中華白海豚影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-26 12:04
【摘要】：近年來,隨著“低碳經(jīng)濟”理念被人們逐步接受并倡導,加大清潔能源開發(fā)力度成為未來能源的發(fā)展方向。在清潔能源的開發(fā)和利用中,風能利用技術(shù)相對成熟,而海上風能利用是其重要組成部分。但在海上風電場的建設期和運營期,,尤其是在風機樁基固定過程中進行的沖擊式打樁作業(yè),會向水中輻射高強度、瞬發(fā)性、寬頻帶的脈沖信號。研究表明,沖擊式水下打樁噪聲會影響海洋哺乳動物的行為,掩蔽其聲學信號,甚至造成其聽覺損傷。 中華白海豚(Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis)是我國國家一級保護動物,在我國主要分布在東南沿海。中華白海豚利用回聲定位信號進行水下目標的探測與識別,通過聲學信號進行個體間的交流,聲學信號是中華白海豚賴以生存的重要工具。海上風電場水下打樁噪聲和運營期噪聲可能會造成中華白海豚的聽覺損傷,并掩蔽其水下發(fā)聲信號,最終影響其正常的生命活動。 為了保護中華白海豚,降低海上風電場水下打樁噪聲和運營期噪聲對中華白海豚的影響,需要對水下打樁噪聲和海上風機運營期水下噪聲進行現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測,通過時頻域分析了解水下噪聲的聲學特性,并結(jié)合中華白海豚的聽覺和聲學信號特性,研究水下打樁噪聲和海上風機運營期噪聲對中華白海豚聽覺和發(fā)聲信號的影響,評估其對中華白海豚的影響范圍和程度,從而為中華白海豚的聲學保護提供參考依據(jù)。 本論文的主要內(nèi)容為： 1、詳細介紹了中華白海豚聲學特性、海上風電場水下打樁噪聲和運營期噪聲聲學特性及其對海洋哺乳動物影響的國內(nèi)外研究進展,介紹了水下噪聲監(jiān)測設備以及信號處理方法； 2、對中華白海豚click信號進行實際測量,分析click信號的時頻域特性并估計其聲源級,比較廈門海域和雷州灣海域中華白海豚的click信號特性； 3、對水下打樁噪聲進行實際測量,分析其時頻域特性,并對水下打樁噪聲的聲學參數(shù)進行統(tǒng)計,研究水下打樁噪聲的傳播特性；基于dBht(species)參數(shù)評估水下打樁噪聲對中華白海豚聽力和行為的影響,并探究其對中華白海豚聲信號的掩蔽效應； 4、對海上風機運營期水下噪聲進行實際測量,分析其時頻域特性；基于海洋哺乳動物物種噪聲劑量dBht(species)參數(shù)來評估海上風機運營期水下噪聲對中華白海豚聽力和行為的影響,并分析其對中華白海豚聲學信號的掩蔽效應。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of "low-carbon economy" gradually accepted and advocated, increasing the intensity of clean energy development has become the future direction of energy development. In the development and utilization of clean energy, wind energy utilization technology is relatively mature, and offshore wind energy utilization is an important part. But in the construction and operation period of offshore wind farm, especially the impact piling operation in the fixed process of fan pile foundation, it will radiate high intensity, instantaneous and wide band pulse signal into the water. The results show that the impact piling noise can affect the behavior of marine mammals, mask their acoustic signals, and even cause hearing damage. Chinese White Dolphin (Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis) is a first-class protected animal in China, which is mainly distributed along the southeast coast of China. Chinese white dolphins use echolocation signals to detect and identify underwater targets and communicate among individuals through acoustic signals. Acoustic signals are important tools for the survival of Chinese white dolphins. Underwater piling noise and operating period noise of offshore wind farm may cause hearing damage of Chinese white dolphin and mask its underwater sound signal and affect its normal life activity. In order to protect Chinese white dolphin and reduce the influence of underwater piling noise and operating period noise on Chinese white dolphin, it is necessary to monitor underwater piling noise and underwater noise during offshore fan operation. The acoustic characteristics of underwater noise were analyzed in time and frequency domain, and the effects of underwater piling noise and noise of offshore fan on hearing and sound signals of Chinese white dolphin were studied by combining the auditory and acoustic signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin. In order to provide reference for acoustic protection of Chinese white dolphin, the range and extent of its influence on Chinese white dolphin were evaluated. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. The acoustic characteristics of Chinese white dolphin, underwater piling noise of offshore wind farm, noise acoustic characteristics of operating period and their effects on marine mammals are introduced in detail. The underwater noise monitoring equipment and signal processing method are introduced. 2. The click signal of Chinese white dolphin was measured, the time-frequency characteristic of click signal was analyzed and its sound source level was estimated, and the click signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin in Xiamen sea area and Leizhou Bay sea area were compared. 3. The actual measurement of underwater piling noise is carried out, and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The acoustic parameters of underwater piling noise are analyzed, and the propagation characteristics of underwater piling noise are studied. The effects of underwater piling noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphins were evaluated based on dBht (species) parameters, and the masking effect of underwater piling noise on the acoustic signals of Chinese white dolphins was investigated. (4) the underwater noise of offshore fan during operation period is measured and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The effects of underwater noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphin were evaluated based on the dBht (species) parameter of marine mammal species noise and the masking effect of underwater noise on acoustic signal of Chinese white dolphin was analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：廈門大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614;X174
本文編號：2295658
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of "low-carbon economy" gradually accepted and advocated, increasing the intensity of clean energy development has become the future direction of energy development. In the development and utilization of clean energy, wind energy utilization technology is relatively mature, and offshore wind energy utilization is an important part. But in the construction and operation period of offshore wind farm, especially the impact piling operation in the fixed process of fan pile foundation, it will radiate high intensity, instantaneous and wide band pulse signal into the water. The results show that the impact piling noise can affect the behavior of marine mammals, mask their acoustic signals, and even cause hearing damage. Chinese White Dolphin (Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis) is a first-class protected animal in China, which is mainly distributed along the southeast coast of China. Chinese white dolphins use echolocation signals to detect and identify underwater targets and communicate among individuals through acoustic signals. Acoustic signals are important tools for the survival of Chinese white dolphins. Underwater piling noise and operating period noise of offshore wind farm may cause hearing damage of Chinese white dolphin and mask its underwater sound signal and affect its normal life activity. In order to protect Chinese white dolphin and reduce the influence of underwater piling noise and operating period noise on Chinese white dolphin, it is necessary to monitor underwater piling noise and underwater noise during offshore fan operation. The acoustic characteristics of underwater noise were analyzed in time and frequency domain, and the effects of underwater piling noise and noise of offshore fan on hearing and sound signals of Chinese white dolphin were studied by combining the auditory and acoustic signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin. In order to provide reference for acoustic protection of Chinese white dolphin, the range and extent of its influence on Chinese white dolphin were evaluated. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. The acoustic characteristics of Chinese white dolphin, underwater piling noise of offshore wind farm, noise acoustic characteristics of operating period and their effects on marine mammals are introduced in detail. The underwater noise monitoring equipment and signal processing method are introduced. 2. The click signal of Chinese white dolphin was measured, the time-frequency characteristic of click signal was analyzed and its sound source level was estimated, and the click signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin in Xiamen sea area and Leizhou Bay sea area were compared. 3. The actual measurement of underwater piling noise is carried out, and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The acoustic parameters of underwater piling noise are analyzed, and the propagation characteristics of underwater piling noise are studied. The effects of underwater piling noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphins were evaluated based on dBht (species) parameters, and the masking effect of underwater piling noise on the acoustic signals of Chinese white dolphins was investigated. (4) the underwater noise of offshore fan during operation period is measured and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The effects of underwater noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphin were evaluated based on the dBht (species) parameter of marine mammal species noise and the masking effect of underwater noise on acoustic signal of Chinese white dolphin was analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：廈門大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614;X174
【相似文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 汪啟銘;海上風電場建設水下噪聲對中華白海豚影響研究[D];廈門大學;2014年
，本文編號：2295658
本文鏈接：http://www.wukwdryxk.cn/kejilunwen/dianlilw/2295658.html
