發(fā)布時間：2018-03-08 13:32

  本文選題：聯(lián)邦制　切入點：權力分配　出處：《貴州大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)邦制是指國家權力的最終歸屬權由全國性政府和區(qū)域性政府根據(jù)憲法分享,雙方均不能單方面改變憲定權力分享格局的一種國家結構形式類型。本文主要從美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制的起源與演進、美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制的結構和美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制的功能三個方面進行比較研究。美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制是聯(lián)邦制國家的典型,選擇美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制做比較研究具有重要的意義。比較研究美國、德國聯(lián)邦制有助于我們了解美國、德國聯(lián)邦政府處理聯(lián)邦與州的權力處理方式,了解美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制的結構和功能的差異。美國與德國都是在國家構建的時候選擇了聯(lián)邦制,而且都是分權制衡聯(lián)邦制國家,在聯(lián)邦制的演進過程中,美國聯(lián)邦制經(jīng)歷了二元聯(lián)邦主義、合作聯(lián)邦主義和新聯(lián)邦主義三個時期;德國聯(lián)邦制在演進過程中經(jīng)歷了聯(lián)邦制國家單一化、新合作聯(lián)邦制、德國聯(lián)邦制面臨兩德統(tǒng)一的挑戰(zhàn)和歐洲一體化對德國聯(lián)邦制的挑戰(zhàn)幾個不同的時期。美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制有相同的背景因數(shù),美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制除了其相似性的功能外,由于美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制的分權結構差異,導致了二者之間的差異性功能的產(chǎn)生,主要表現(xiàn)在聯(lián)邦與州的權力均勢不同、對公共事務的決策權不同、行政權力的執(zhí)行不同和完成政府職能的方式不同。聯(lián)邦制的核心是處理聯(lián)邦與州之間的關系,美國憲法劃分了聯(lián)邦與州之間的權力,聯(lián)邦政府與州政府在各自的權力范圍內(nèi)執(zhí)行自己的法律權力,雙方互不干涉,有兩套平行的政府體制;德國憲法同樣劃分了聯(lián)邦與州之間的權力,但二者在立法和執(zhí)行上不同,立法權力主要集中在聯(lián)邦,而法律的執(zhí)行主要由各州執(zhí)行,各州只在少數(shù)幾個領域有立法權。通過美國、德國聯(lián)邦制的比較研究,可以給我們提供一些重要的啟示,比如推進政府治理現(xiàn)代化,促進國家統(tǒng)一和加快民族自治地方發(fā)展,適度下放權力,加強中央政府的權力。目前,國內(nèi)沒有學者對美國聯(lián)邦制與德國聯(lián)邦制作出系統(tǒng)全面的比較研究,只有一個人研究了聯(lián)邦制下美國與德國的立法權分配模式,所以本文研究填補了這方面的空白,具有一定學術意義與學術價值。
[Abstract]:Federalism means that the ultimate ownership of state power is shared by national and regional governments in accordance with the Constitution. Neither side can unilaterally change the constitutional power-sharing pattern of a type of state structure. This paper mainly from the origin and evolution of the United States federal system and Germany federal system. The structure of the United States federal system and the German federal system and the functions of the United States federal system and the German federal system are compared in three aspects. The United States federal system and the German federal system are the typical countries of the federal system. It is of great significance to choose a comparative study of the federal system of the United States and the federal system of Germany. A comparative study of the United States and the Federal system of Germany will help us understand the way in which the Federal Government of Germany deals with federal and state powers. Understand the differences between the structure and function of the United States federal system and the German federal system. Both the United States and Germany chose the federal system when the country was built, and they were both the countries with the separation of powers to check and balance the federal system. In the evolution of the federal system, the United States and Germany both chose the federal system in the course of the evolution of the federal system. The United States federal system has experienced three periods: dualistic federalism, cooperative federalism and neo-federalism; German federalism has experienced the unification of federalism and the new cooperative federalism in the process of evolution. The German federal system faces the challenge of the unification of two Germany and the challenge of the European integration to the German federal system in several different periods. The United States federal system and the German federal system have the same background factors. In addition to its similar functions, the United States federal system and the German federal system have different functions due to the difference in the decentralized structure between the United States federal system and the German federal system, which is mainly reflected in the difference in the balance of power between the federal and the state. The decision-making power of public affairs is different, the executive power is different and the way of completing government functions is different. The core of federalism is dealing with the relationship between the federal and the state, and the constitution of the United States divides the power between the federations and the states. The federal and state governments exercise their own legal powers within the limits of their respective powers. They do not interfere in each other. They have two parallel systems of government. The German Constitution also divides the powers between the federations and the states, but they are different in legislation and enforcement. Legislative powers are mainly concentrated in the Federation, while the enforcement of laws is mainly carried out by the L 盲 nder. The L 盲 nder have legislative powers in only a few areas. Through comparative studies of the federal system in the United States and Germany, we can provide some important enlightenment. For example, to promote the modernization of government governance, to promote national unity and accelerate the development of ethnic autonomous areas, to decentralize power moderately, and to strengthen the power of the central government. At present, No domestic scholars have made systematic and comprehensive comparative research on the federal system of the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. Only one person has studied the mode of distribution of legislative power between the United States and Germany under the federal system, so the research in this paper fills up the gap in this respect. It has certain academic significance and academic value.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D771.2;D751.6

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本文編號：1584102