美國(guó)與中國(guó)對(duì)巴基斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助：援助對(duì)民意影響的案例研究（2001-2011）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-12-24 06:57
二戰(zhàn)后,經(jīng)濟(jì)援助一直是大國(guó)外交的主要工具之一。它的目標(biāo)是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助捐助國(guó)爭(zhēng)取更多的盟友,在（接受國(guó)的）人民中培養(yǎng)善意,最終維護(hù)捐助國(guó)的國(guó)家利益。美國(guó)和中國(guó)這兩個(gè)大國(guó)向亞洲和非洲的較不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了數(shù)十億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。在過(guò)去十幾年中,巴基斯坦也從中美兩國(guó)得到援助。經(jīng)濟(jì)援助在后9·11時(shí)代引人注目。巴基斯坦與美國(guó)、中國(guó)保持著密切的關(guān)系,也得到了兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。在2001-2011年期間,美國(guó)對(duì)巴基斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助達(dá)到近80億美元,中國(guó)的援助為39億美元,約為美國(guó)的一半。對(duì)于華盛頓而言,援助巴基斯坦的明確目標(biāo)正如美駐伊斯蘭堡大使南�！U威爾所說(shuō):“幫助巴基斯坦加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、政治和民主發(fā)展”,以及促進(jìn)兩國(guó)人民之間“更好的相互理解”。但是在實(shí)踐中,美國(guó)并沒(méi)有很好達(dá)到在巴基斯坦人民中樹(shù)立良好形象的目標(biāo)。另一方面,即使中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助相對(duì)于美國(guó)而言較少,但它在巴基斯坦群眾中的形象卻更好。美國(guó)著名智庫(kù)皮尤研究中心在整個(gè)巴基斯坦進(jìn)行了廣泛的調(diào)查,以衡量2005年起巴基斯坦人民對(duì)美國(guó)和中國(guó)的公眾輿論。民意調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,巴基斯坦公眾對(duì)于美國(guó)的偏好評(píng)級(jí)較低,而中國(guó)的表現(xiàn)要好得多。援助數(shù)量與公眾輿論之間的這種...
【文章來(lái)源】：吉林大學(xué)吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：164 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
Abstract
Lists of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 The Puzzle and Research Question
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 Case Selection
1.4 Hypotheis
1.5 Theory
1.6 Methodology and Methods
1.7 Research Significance
1.8 Structure of Thesis
Chapter 2: Theoretical Approach:Constructivism
2.1 Constructivism as A Theoretical Approach
2.2 Dominance of IR by Rationalists
2.3 The Challenge of Critical Theory
2.4 Constructivism: the Middle Ground Between Rationalists and Post Structuralists
2.5 Three Main Schools of Constructivism
2.5.1 Wendt’s Constructivism
2.5.2 Kratochwil’s Constructivism
2.5.3 Onuf’s Constructivism
2.6 Key Principles of Constructivism
2.6.1 The Social Construction of Reality
2.6.2 An Alternative to Materialism
2.6.3 Ideational Structures are as Important as Material Structures
2.6.4 Mutual Constitution of Agents and Structure
2.6.5 The Process of Cognitive Evolution
2.6.6 Multiple Interpretations of Anarchy
Conclusion
Chapter 3: The Setting of Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China Relations （1947-2000）
3.1 Pakistan-U.S. Ties
3.1.1 The Beginning
3.1.2 Military Alliances
3.1.3 The Downturn, 1962-79
3.1.4 The 1960s South Asian Wars and the Widening Gap between US and Pakistan
3.1.5 Ups and Downs of 1970s
3.1.6 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and Revival of US-Pakistan Alliance
3.1.7 The Post-Cold War Crisis in Relations
3.2 Pakistan-Relations
3.2.1 The Initial Phase, 1947-1960
3.2.2 Towards An Alignment, 1960s
3.2.3 Deepening Ties During 1970s and 80s
3.2.4 China’s Diplomatic Support to Pakistan in 1990s
Conclusion
Chapter 4: U.S. and Chinese Economic Assistance to, and Public Opinion in, Pakistan, 2001-11
4.1 Foreign Aid and Public Opinion
4.2 Pakistan-U.S. Ties, 2001-11
4.2.1 9/11 Attacks and New Beginning in Pakistan-US Relations
4.2.2 Economic Assistance
4.3 Pakistan-China Relations 2001-11
4.3.1 China’s Economic Assistance to Pakistan, 2001-11
4.4 Comparing the Public Opinion about the U.S. and China in Pakistan, 2001-11
4.4.1 Pew Research Surveys in Pakistan, 2005-2011
4.5 Drawing the Anomaly of （U.S. and Chinese） Economic Aid and Pakistan’s) Public Opinion
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Deciphering the Paradox of Aid and Public Opinion; the Argument of Aid Contextualisation and its Clash with Public Perceptions in Pakistan
5.1 Drawing an Intersubjective Interpretation of the Puzzle
5.2 Understanding the Context of Economic Aid
5.2.1 U.S. Aid Motivated by 9/11 Attacks and Resulting ‘War on Terror’
5.2.2 Chinese Aid Came Without Any Strategic Contingency
5.3 Public Perceptions of the Context of Aid
5.3.1 Impression of the War on Terror in Pakistan （Context of U.S. Aid）
5.3.2 Perceptions About Relationship with China （The Context of Chinese Aid）
5.4 The Interplay of Material Relationship （Economic Aid） and Intersubjective Elements （Identity and Perceptions of Aid Context） in Shaping Public Opinion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
本文編號(hào)：2935204
【文章來(lái)源】：吉林大學(xué)吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：164 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
Abstract
Lists of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 The Puzzle and Research Question
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 Case Selection
1.4 Hypotheis
1.5 Theory
1.6 Methodology and Methods
1.7 Research Significance
1.8 Structure of Thesis
Chapter 2: Theoretical Approach:Constructivism
2.1 Constructivism as A Theoretical Approach
2.2 Dominance of IR by Rationalists
2.3 The Challenge of Critical Theory
2.4 Constructivism: the Middle Ground Between Rationalists and Post Structuralists
2.5 Three Main Schools of Constructivism
2.5.1 Wendt’s Constructivism
2.5.2 Kratochwil’s Constructivism
2.5.3 Onuf’s Constructivism
2.6 Key Principles of Constructivism
2.6.1 The Social Construction of Reality
2.6.2 An Alternative to Materialism
2.6.3 Ideational Structures are as Important as Material Structures
2.6.4 Mutual Constitution of Agents and Structure
2.6.5 The Process of Cognitive Evolution
2.6.6 Multiple Interpretations of Anarchy
Conclusion
Chapter 3: The Setting of Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China Relations （1947-2000）
3.1 Pakistan-U.S. Ties
3.1.1 The Beginning
3.1.2 Military Alliances
3.1.3 The Downturn, 1962-79
3.1.4 The 1960s South Asian Wars and the Widening Gap between US and Pakistan
3.1.5 Ups and Downs of 1970s
3.1.6 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and Revival of US-Pakistan Alliance
3.1.7 The Post-Cold War Crisis in Relations
3.2 Pakistan-Relations
3.2.1 The Initial Phase, 1947-1960
3.2.2 Towards An Alignment, 1960s
3.2.3 Deepening Ties During 1970s and 80s
3.2.4 China’s Diplomatic Support to Pakistan in 1990s
Conclusion
Chapter 4: U.S. and Chinese Economic Assistance to, and Public Opinion in, Pakistan, 2001-11
4.1 Foreign Aid and Public Opinion
4.2 Pakistan-U.S. Ties, 2001-11
4.2.1 9/11 Attacks and New Beginning in Pakistan-US Relations
4.2.2 Economic Assistance
4.3 Pakistan-China Relations 2001-11
4.3.1 China’s Economic Assistance to Pakistan, 2001-11
4.4 Comparing the Public Opinion about the U.S. and China in Pakistan, 2001-11
4.4.1 Pew Research Surveys in Pakistan, 2005-2011
4.5 Drawing the Anomaly of （U.S. and Chinese） Economic Aid and Pakistan’s) Public Opinion
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Deciphering the Paradox of Aid and Public Opinion; the Argument of Aid Contextualisation and its Clash with Public Perceptions in Pakistan
5.1 Drawing an Intersubjective Interpretation of the Puzzle
5.2 Understanding the Context of Economic Aid
5.2.1 U.S. Aid Motivated by 9/11 Attacks and Resulting ‘War on Terror’
5.2.2 Chinese Aid Came Without Any Strategic Contingency
5.3 Public Perceptions of the Context of Aid
5.3.1 Impression of the War on Terror in Pakistan （Context of U.S. Aid）
5.3.2 Perceptions About Relationship with China （The Context of Chinese Aid）
5.4 The Interplay of Material Relationship （Economic Aid） and Intersubjective Elements （Identity and Perceptions of Aid Context） in Shaping Public Opinion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
本文編號(hào)：2935204
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