發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-01 03:35

  本文選題：馬克思　切入點(diǎn)：社會正義思想　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,正義成為我國學(xué)術(shù)界研究領(lǐng)域炙手可熱的詞匯之一。這一詞的最大魅力在于它代表著人們對合理的生存方式以及合理的生存狀態(tài)的基本要求。從1949年新中國成立到今天,我國在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等各個(gè)方面都已取得的矚目的成績,但與此同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了許多社會問題,社會正義問題便是其中之一,并且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展這一問題逐步顯現(xiàn)。在2012年召開的中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會上,社會正義引起了黨中央的高度重視并被視為我國社會建設(shè)的長期目標(biāo)之一。2014年12月習(xí)近平同志在江蘇考察時(shí)提出“四個(gè)全面”的戰(zhàn)略布局,而這一布局的最終旨?xì)w便是促進(jìn)社會正義的全面實(shí)現(xiàn)。為構(gòu)建更加正義的社會,我國迫切需要科學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo)。而馬克思主義理論是在馬克思和恩格斯等人不斷的理論探索和革命實(shí)踐下形成,因而具有其它理論所不具備的先進(jìn)性和科學(xué)性。因此從馬克思的理論中挖掘正義的資源,對解決當(dāng)下社會我國所面臨的正義問題具有重要的啟示。本文共分為五部分,第一部分論述了馬克思社會正義思想產(chǎn)生的條件。學(xué)術(shù)界對于馬克思主義理論與正義的關(guān)系問題一直以來存在著爭議,探究馬克思社會正義思想產(chǎn)生的主客觀條件對于這一爭論具有追本溯源的意義。就客觀方面而言,本文將從馬克思的成長環(huán)境、時(shí)代背景以及思想的來源進(jìn)行論述。就主觀方面而言,本文將從馬克思的個(gè)人信仰來進(jìn)行論述。第二部分主要回到馬克思的原著中挖掘馬克思思想中的社會正義資源,形成對馬克思社會正義思想的基本認(rèn)識。馬克思社會正義思想的形成經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段：自由主義正義觀繼承階段；自由主義正義觀重新審視階段；科學(xué)社會正義思想形成階段。博士論文以及萊茵時(shí)報(bào)時(shí)期等文章揭示了馬克思早期對自由主義正義觀的繼承�！逗诟駹柗ㄕ軐W(xué)的批判》以及德法年鑒時(shí)期的文章,體現(xiàn)了馬克思在思想上的轉(zhuǎn)變。這種轉(zhuǎn)變體現(xiàn)為馬克思思想中濃厚的歷史唯物主義意蘊(yùn)。這種思想上的歷史唯物主義傾向,使得馬克思重新審視其早期的自由主義正義觀。而這種重新審視的結(jié)果使得馬克思的社會正義思想開始形成并走向歷史唯物主義。馬克思社會正義思想進(jìn)入成熟階段的標(biāo)志是《德意志意識形態(tài)》的發(fā)表,并在《政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判導(dǎo)言》、《資本論》以及《哥達(dá)綱領(lǐng)批判》中得到了完善,最終形成了以歷史唯物主義為基礎(chǔ)的社會正義思想。第三部分主要論述馬克思社會正義思想的基本內(nèi)容和基本特質(zhì)。在馬克思看來,社會正義是實(shí)質(zhì)正義與形式正義的統(tǒng)一。而經(jīng)濟(jì)的平等、政治權(quán)利上的自由、民主、平等以及制度的公正合理,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)正義與形式正義統(tǒng)一。馬克思社會正義思想具有四大特質(zhì),即歷史性、階級性、革命性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性。這四大特質(zhì)決定了馬克思社會正義思想的科學(xué)性。第四部分主要克思與西方當(dāng)代自由主義正義觀的異同。馬克思的社會正義思想與羅爾斯的新自由主義的正義觀和哈耶克的新古典自由主義的正義觀都存在一些相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。通過比較能夠進(jìn)一步揭示馬克思社會正義思想的科學(xué)性和西方主流正義思想的實(shí)質(zhì),幫助我們正確認(rèn)識西方主流的正義思想,為我們科學(xué)借鑒西方正義思想奠定基礎(chǔ)。第五部分主要論述馬克思社會正義思想對我國社會主義建設(shè)的啟示。首先揭示了我國目前存在的一系列不正義現(xiàn)象并對產(chǎn)生這些不正義現(xiàn)象的具體原因進(jìn)行了探討。其次論述了馬克思社會正義思想對我國社會主義建設(shè)的啟示。馬克思社會正義思想認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)社會正義的兩大條件是物質(zhì)財(cái)富的極大豐富和制度的公平合理。據(jù)此,解決我國社會目前存在的這一些具體不正義現(xiàn)象,推進(jìn)我國社會正義的持續(xù)發(fā)展,主要應(yīng)該從兩個(gè)方面著手：第一,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),通過經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展推進(jìn)我國社會正義的實(shí)現(xiàn)；第二,完善制度,通過制度的完善保障社會正義的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, justice has become one of the hot research field of vocabulary in academic circles in China. This is the greatest charm of the word it represents the people's basic requirements for a reasonable way of survival and rational existence. From 1949 Chinese inception to today, China's political, economic, cultural and other aspects have been achieved great achievements, but at the same time there have been a lot of social problems, social justice is one of them, and with the problem of economic development gradually. China in the 2012 meeting of the eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party, social justice has attracted great attention of the Party Central Committee and is regarded as the long-term social construction in China one of the goals of.2014 in December Comrade Xi Jinping in Jiangsu to study the proposed strategy of "four comprehensive", and the final aim of this layout is to promote the whole social justice The implementation for building a more just society, China is in urgent need of the guidance of scientific theory. Marx theory is formed in Marx and Engels continue to explore the theory and practice of revolution, which has advanced other theories do not have scientific. Therefore mining resources from the Marx's theory of justice. It has important enlightenment to solve the current problems faced by the justice society in China. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part discusses the conditions of Marx's social justice thought. Relationship between the academic circles of the Marx theory and justice has been controversial, exploring Marx's social justice thought the subjective condition is the origin of significance for this controversy. As the objective aspect, this article from the Marx's growth environment, sources of background and thought Discussion. The subjective aspect is concerned, this article from Marx's personal beliefs are discussed. The second part mainly back to the original Marx mining in Marx's thought of social justice resources, form a basic understanding of Marx's social justice. The formation of Marx's social justice thought has experienced three stages: Liberalism justice view in succession stage; Liberal Conception of justice review stage; scientific thought of social justice. The formation stage of doctoral dissertation and the Rhine times period reveals Marx early on liberalism justice view inheritance. Hagel's philosophy critique and the German Law Yearbook period, reflects the change in Marx's thought. This change reflects the historical materialism has strong implication of Marx's thought. The historical materialism tendency of this kind of thought, make Marx reconsider The early liberal concept of justice. And this review result of Marx's social justice thought started to form and trend of historical materialism. Mark Marx thought of social justice into the mature stage is "German Ideology" published, and in "critique of political economics introduction > > and < < Das Kapital > in Critique of the Gotha program improved, ultimately based on historical materialism thought of social justice. The basic content of Marx's social justice and the basic characteristics of the third part mainly discusses. In Marx's view, social justice is the unity of substantive justice and formal justice and economic equality, political rights of freedom, democracy, equality and the system is fair and reasonable, in order to achieve substantive justice and formal justice unity. Marx thought of social justice has four characteristics, namely history, class, revolution And the reality. These four characteristics determine the scientific nature of Marx's social justice. The similarities and differences between the fourth part of the main Marxism and contemporary western liberalism justice view. New classical liberalism justice social justice thought and Rawls Marx of the new liberalism justice view and Hayek have some similarities and through the comparison of different points. To further reveal the essence of Marx's social justice science and western mainstream justice thought, help us to correctly understand the justice thought of the western mainstream, as we learn from western science and justice thought foundation. The fifth part mainly discusses the enlightenment thoughts of social justice Marx of China's socialist construction. Firstly, the paper reveals the in China a series of injustice phenomenon and the specific reasons for these unjust phenomenon are discussed. Secondly it discusses Marx's social justice thought enlightenment to our country's socialist construction. Marx thought of social justice to realize the two conditions of social justice is the material wealth and the fair and reasonable system. Accordingly, to solve the present social injustice of this specific phenomenon, promote the sustainable development of China's social justice, which should start from two aspects: first, through the realization of China's economic development, social justice to promote the development of economy; second, improve the system, through the improvement of the system to guarantee the realization of social justice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：A811

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 林進(jìn)平,徐俊忠;歷史唯物主義視野中的正義觀——兼談馬克思何以拒斥、批判正義[J];學(xué)術(shù)研究;2005年07期

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本文編號：1693811