發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-09 06:46

  本文選題：馬克思主義自然觀 + 人與自然　； 參考：《中共江蘇省委黨�！�2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)革命以來(lái),隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,人類(lèi)實(shí)踐能力空前提高,在對(duì)自然進(jìn)行改造、對(duì)資源進(jìn)行消耗的同時(shí),一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題也接踵而來(lái),并影響人類(lèi)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。馬克思主義自然觀正是在對(duì)這一時(shí)代問(wèn)題的思考中產(chǎn)生的,它是馬克思、恩格斯及其之后的馬克思主義者關(guān)于自然界以及人與自然關(guān)系的基本觀點(diǎn)。馬克思主義自然觀把人類(lèi)與自然界看做是相互依賴、相互制約、相互和諧的統(tǒng)一體,對(duì)人與自然的關(guān)系作了深刻的分析與論述。馬克思主義自然觀的產(chǎn)生有著深厚的理論土壤,一方面,自然科學(xué)的發(fā)展為馬克思主義自然觀的誕生奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)；另一方面,對(duì)黑格爾客觀唯心主義自然觀的積極揚(yáng)棄和對(duì)費(fèi)爾巴哈人本唯物主義自然觀的辯證發(fā)展,為馬克思主義自然觀的誕生奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。馬克思主義自然觀不是封閉的理論體系,而是由馬克思、恩格斯創(chuàng)立,并隨著實(shí)踐的發(fā)展不斷完善的科學(xué)體系。馬克思主義自然觀有著豐富而又深刻的內(nèi)容。首先,它對(duì)人與自然的辯證關(guān)系作了重新界定,認(rèn)為人與自然是以實(shí)踐為中介的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,并且會(huì)隨著社會(huì)歷史的發(fā)展而不斷變化,而要實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然關(guān)系的和解,必然要實(shí)現(xiàn)人、自然、社會(huì)三者的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一；其次,它強(qiáng)調(diào)了自然生產(chǎn)力在生產(chǎn)力結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要作用,并對(duì)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力與自然生產(chǎn)力的辯證關(guān)系作出了全面的理解；最后,通過(guò)對(duì)資本主義生產(chǎn)方式的剖析,馬克思主義自然觀揭示了資本主義社會(huì)生態(tài)危機(jī)的根源。此外,在馬克思主義自然觀的影響下產(chǎn)生了生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義,這是西方學(xué)者將馬克思主義思想與現(xiàn)代生態(tài)學(xué)相結(jié)合以解決資本主義生態(tài)危機(jī)的理論嘗試。生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義與馬克思主義自然觀之間存在著內(nèi)在邏輯性,在人與自然的關(guān)系問(wèn)題上,二者都認(rèn)為人與自然是有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,并認(rèn)為生態(tài)危機(jī)與資本主義制度存在著必然的聯(lián)系,要解決生態(tài)危機(jī)其根本途徑是變革資本主義制度。最后,馬克思主義自然觀對(duì)我國(guó)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。首先,它為正確處理人與自然關(guān)系提供了理論指導(dǎo)；其次,它為我國(guó)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供了實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)；最后,它為我國(guó)生態(tài)文明體制改革提供了指導(dǎo)性構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, with the rapid development of science and technology, the human practical ability has been improved unprecedented. In the process of transforming nature and consuming resources, a series of ecological and environmental problems have been followed, which have affected the sustainable development of human beings. The Marxist view of nature came into being in the thinking of this time problem. It is the basic viewpoint of Marx Engels and his later Marxists about nature and the relationship between man and nature. Marxist view of nature regards human beings and nature as a unity of mutual dependence, mutual restriction and harmony, and makes a profound analysis and discussion on the relationship between man and nature. On the one hand, the development of natural science laid a solid scientific foundation for the birth of Marxist view of nature; on the other hand, The positive sublation of Hegel's objective idealistic view of nature and the dialectical development of Feuerbach's humanistic materialist view of nature have laid a solid philosophical foundation for the birth of Marxist view of nature. Marxist view of nature is not a closed theoretical system, but a scientific system founded by Marx and Engels and perfected with the development of practice. Marxist view of nature has rich and profound contents. First of all, it redefines the dialectical relationship between man and nature, and holds that the relationship between man and nature is a unity of opposites mediated by practice, and will change constantly with the development of social history. Secondly, it emphasizes the important role of natural productivity in the structure of productive forces, and makes a comprehensive understanding of the dialectical relationship between social productive forces and natural productive forces. Through the analysis of capitalist mode of production, Marxist view of nature reveals the root of ecological crisis in capitalist society. In addition, under the influence of Marxist view of nature, ecological Marxism has emerged, which is a theoretical attempt by western scholars to combine Marxist thought with modern ecology in order to solve the ecological crisis of capitalism. There is inherent logic between ecological Marxism and Marxist view of nature. On the issue of the relationship between man and nature, both of them think that man and nature are organic unified relations. It is believed that ecological crisis and capitalist system must be connected, and the fundamental way to solve the ecological crisis is to change the capitalist system. Finally, Marxist view of nature has important guiding significance to the construction of ecological civilization in China. First, it provides theoretical guidance for correctly handling the relationship between man and nature; secondly, it provides practical guidance for the construction of ecological civilization in China; finally, it provides a guiding idea for the reform of ecological civilization system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共江蘇省委黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：A811

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