發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-02 17:16

【摘要】： 伴隨著俄國(guó)中央集權(quán)制度的發(fā)展,16世紀(jì)中期,沙皇伊凡四世為了加強(qiáng)皇權(quán)和制約波雅爾貴族召集了縉紳會(huì)議,這是全國(guó)性的會(huì)議,參會(huì)者包括了各地服役貴族以及各等級(jí)的代表,沙皇通過(guò)縉紳會(huì)議鞏固了權(quán)力并加強(qiáng)了中央集權(quán)。經(jīng)歷了16、17世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,縉紳會(huì)議廣泛地參與到國(guó)家管理、立法和重大事務(wù)的決策中,成為重要的國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)。同時(shí),隨著社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)的改革和階級(jí)力量對(duì)比的變化,縉紳會(huì)議的內(nèi)容和地位也在不斷變化著。17世紀(jì)中后期俄國(guó)中央集權(quán)制度確立后,由于封建階層體系形成、中央官僚機(jī)構(gòu)基本完善和地方代表制機(jī)構(gòu)遭到破壞,縉紳會(huì)議失去了它存在的基礎(chǔ),于是逐漸退出了俄國(guó)政治舞臺(tái),被政府以等級(jí)協(xié)商形式的會(huì)議所取代,并在1682年走到了終結(jié)。縉紳會(huì)議在俄國(guó)政治制度史上具有重要的意義,它的召開(kāi)標(biāo)志著俄國(guó)進(jìn)入到等級(jí)代表君主制時(shí)代,而縉紳會(huì)議的政治組織形式、召集方式、審議程序和過(guò)程等都給后來(lái)的俄國(guó)帶來(lái)不小的借鑒和影響作用,并在危急關(guān)頭體現(xiàn)出俄羅斯同心同德的民族精神。 本文共分為六個(gè)部分: 第一部分,俄國(guó)縉紳會(huì)議的產(chǎn)生。 第二部分,俄國(guó)縉紳會(huì)議的發(fā)展。 第三部分,俄國(guó)縉紳會(huì)議的消亡。 第四部分,俄國(guó)縉紳會(huì)議的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。主要分析縉紳會(huì)議的類(lèi)型、分期、審議形式及協(xié)商秩序,縉紳會(huì)議與波雅爾杜馬的關(guān)系,縉紳會(huì)議與俄國(guó)等級(jí)代表君主制度。 第五部分,俄國(guó)縉紳會(huì)議與西歐封建議會(huì)之比較。 第六部分,結(jié)語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of centralization in Russia, in the mid-16th century, Tsar Ivan IV convened a national Congress of gentry to strengthen imperial power and restrict the aristocrats of Poiar. Participants included serving aristocrats and representatives of all ranks, and the czar consolidated power and strengthened centralization through the Gentry Conference. After the development in the 1600s, the Gentry Congress participated in the national management, legislation and important affairs decision-making, and became an important state organization. At the same time, with the reform of social institutions and the change of class power balance, the content and status of the Gentry Congress were constantly changing. After the establishment of the centralization system in Russia in the middle and late 17th century, the feudal class system was formed. The central bureaucracy was basically perfected and the local representative system was destroyed, and the Gentry Conference lost its foundation and gradually withdrew from the Russian political arena and was replaced by a meeting of the government in the form of hierarchical consultations. And came to an end in 1682. The Gentry Conference is of great significance in the history of the Russian political system. Its convening marks Russia's entering the era of hierarchical representative monarchy, and the political organization and convening mode of the Gentry Conference. The procedure and process of deliberation have brought great reference and influence to the later Russia, and have embodied the national spirit of the unity of Russia in the critical moment. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the emergence of the Russian Gentry Conference. The second part, the development of the Russian Gentry Conference. The third part, the disappearance of the Russian Gentry Conference. The fourth part, the related problems of the Russian Gentry Conference. This paper mainly analyzes the types, stages, deliberative forms and consultation order of the Gentry meeting, the relationship between the Gentry Conference and the Boyar Duma, and the system of representing the monarchy between the Gentry Conference and the Russian hierarchy. The fifth part is the comparison between the Russian Gentry Conference and the feudal parliament of Western Europe. The sixth part, conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K512.34

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本文編號(hào)：2306434