不同種植密度與施氮水平下高產(chǎn)玉米品種的干物質(zhì)與氮素累積分配及氮密互作研究
發(fā)布時間：2021-03-20 13:41
玉米產(chǎn)量在過去十幾年已顯著提高,而氮的利用效率（NUE）則由于氮肥過量施用而遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于這一增長。由于現(xiàn)代雜交種對氮肥的反應(yīng)更強,因此,以高氮肥投入來提高產(chǎn)量,卻導(dǎo)致氮素淋溶問題和氮素回收率低。每個玉米品種都有其遺傳和農(nóng)藝特性,應(yīng)通過優(yōu)化農(nóng)藝管理措施加以發(fā)揮品種特性,挖掘作物生產(chǎn)潛力。在此背景下,本研究進(jìn)行了兩年田間試驗（2017年和2018年）,通過RCBD田間設(shè)計,定量化我國主要的高產(chǎn)玉米品種（ZD958,XY335）在不同的氮素投入（0N,120N,240N,450N）和種植密度下（67,500和90,000株ha-1）的氮素吸收和再分配,并研究其氮密互作效應(yīng)。這項研究的具體目標(biāo)是:a)研究氮素吸收和轉(zhuǎn)運的變化規(guī)律,b)評估氮素施用量和種植密度對干物質(zhì)積累,作物產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子的影響,c)研究高氮和高密度相互作用對作物冠層內(nèi)光分布、光合性能和氣體交換參數(shù)的影響;d)定量高密群體不同土壤深度下的Nmin淋溶程度,以定量化群體氮素吸收量;e)定量不同種植密度下的氮需求和再分配。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1)高密度顯著提高群體產(chǎn)量,而過量施氮并沒有帶來產(chǎn)量顯著提高。XY335在高密度（90,0...
【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市
【文章頁數(shù)】：162 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH YIELD IN MAIZE
1.3 BREEDING EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
1.4 AGRONOMIC EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
1.5 HURDLES AND LIMITATION IN ACHIEVING YIELD POTENTIAL
1.6 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD
1.6.1 Nitrogen use efficiency and N uptake improvement through breeding
1.6.2 Agronomic practices for N management in high density maize
1.7 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 FIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND SITE DESCRIPTION
2.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT SETUP
2.3 PLANT MATERIAL
2.4 AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANT SAMPLING
2.5 MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
2.5.1 Plant sampling for leaf area,DMA and nutrient concentration
2.5.2 Crop growth parameters
2.5.3 Canopy light interception,Photosynthesis and SPAD measurements
2.5.4 Grain filling duration and grain filling rate
2.5.5 Yield and yield components
2.5.6 Soil Nmin determination
2.5.7 Plant N analysis,N use efficiency（NUE）and NUE components
2.5.8 Statistical Methods and Analysis
CHAPTER 3.YIELD,DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND CANOPY TRAITS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.1.1 An overview of maize agronomy under different managements
3.2 RESULTS
3.2.1 Grain yield and yield attributes
3.2.2 Leaf area index and green leaf number
3.2.3 Dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning
3.2.4 Plant height,ear height and stem diameter
3.2.5 Grain filling rate
3.3 DISCUSSION
3.3.1 Maize hybrids differ greatly for yield traits under nitrogen and density stress
3.3.2 Characteristics of yield improvement under high density and high nitrogen
3.3.3 Post-silking dry matter accumulation contributed more in hundred seed weight as a function of source-sink balance
3.3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 RESULTS
4.2.1 SPAD measurements
4.2.2 Gaseous exchange measurements
4.2.3 Light distribution within crop canopy
4.3 DISCUSSION
4.3.1 High N rate maintains SPAD and photosynthetic activity of maize hybrids
4.3.2 High density and high N interplay for light distribution within crop canopy
4.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.PLANT NITROGEN UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 RESULTS
5.2.1 Nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）and components of NUE
5.2.2 N translocation and translocation efficiency
5.3 DISCUSSION
5.3.1 Characteristics of maize hybrids regarding N uptake and utilization efficiency
5.3.2 High N rate and high planting density maximized the NUE
5.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6.SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 RESULTS
4-N）status in soil"> 6.2.1 Ammonium-N（NH4-N）status in soil
3-N）status in soil"> 6.2.2 Nitrate-N（NO3-N）status in soil
6.3 DISCUSSION
6.3.1 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil ammonium N
6.3.2 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil nitrate N
6.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7.SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
References
Appendix 1:Yield,dry matter accumulation and canopy traits
Appendix 2:Photosynthesis and light distribution
Appendix 3:Plant nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency
Appendix 4:Soil mineral nitrogen dynamics
Appendix 5.Layout for field experiment
Acknowledgements
Curriculum Vitae
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Influence of plant architecture on maize physiology and yield in the Heilonggang River valley[J]. Shoubing Huang,Yingbo Gao,Yebei Li,Lina Xu,Hongbin Tao,Pu Wang. The Crop Journal. 2017(01)
[2]實施密植高產(chǎn)機械化生產(chǎn) 實現(xiàn)玉米高產(chǎn)高效協(xié)同[J]. 李少昆,王克如,謝瑞芝,侯鵬,明博,楊小霞,韓冬生,王玉華. 作物雜志. 2016(04)
[3]密度對耐密性不同玉米品種群體冠層結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J]. 唐建華,張衛(wèi)建,王延波,于吉琳,宋振偉,劉榮,王大為,劉穎,齊華. 作物雜志. 2013(02)
[4]提高密度對根冠發(fā)育及其產(chǎn)量的影響研究[J]. 張鳳路,牛興奎,張怡明,李少昆,謝瑞芝,劉鑫,修文雯. 華北農(nóng)學(xué)報. 2012(02)
[5]緩/控釋肥在玉米生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用與展望[J]. 王宜倫,李潮海,王瑾,譚金芳. 中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報. 2009(24)
[6]華北地區(qū)冬小麥-夏玉米輪作體系的氮素循環(huán)與平衡[J]. 趙榮芳,陳新平,張福鎖. 土壤學(xué)報. 2009(04)
[7]作物高產(chǎn)群體干物質(zhì)積累動態(tài)模型的構(gòu)建及生長特性分析[J]. 侯玉虹,陳傳永,郭志強,侯立白,董志強,趙明. 玉米科學(xué). 2008(06)
[8]中國土壤和植物養(yǎng)分管理現(xiàn)狀與改進(jìn)策略[J]. 張福鎖,崔振嶺,王激清,李春儉,陳新平. 植物學(xué)通報. 2007(06)
[9]我國玉米品種更替過程中根系時空分布特性的演變[J]. 王空軍,鄭洪建,劉開昌,張吉旺,董樹亭,胡昌浩. 植物生態(tài)學(xué)報. 2001(04)
本文編號：3091096
【文章來源】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市
【文章頁數(shù)】：162 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH YIELD IN MAIZE
1.3 BREEDING EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
1.4 AGRONOMIC EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
1.5 HURDLES AND LIMITATION IN ACHIEVING YIELD POTENTIAL
1.6 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD
1.6.1 Nitrogen use efficiency and N uptake improvement through breeding
1.6.2 Agronomic practices for N management in high density maize
1.7 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 FIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND SITE DESCRIPTION
2.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT SETUP
2.3 PLANT MATERIAL
2.4 AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANT SAMPLING
2.5 MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
2.5.1 Plant sampling for leaf area,DMA and nutrient concentration
2.5.2 Crop growth parameters
2.5.3 Canopy light interception,Photosynthesis and SPAD measurements
2.5.4 Grain filling duration and grain filling rate
2.5.5 Yield and yield components
2.5.6 Soil Nmin determination
2.5.7 Plant N analysis,N use efficiency（NUE）and NUE components
2.5.8 Statistical Methods and Analysis
CHAPTER 3.YIELD,DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND CANOPY TRAITS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.1.1 An overview of maize agronomy under different managements
3.2 RESULTS
3.2.1 Grain yield and yield attributes
3.2.2 Leaf area index and green leaf number
3.2.3 Dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning
3.2.4 Plant height,ear height and stem diameter
3.2.5 Grain filling rate
3.3 DISCUSSION
3.3.1 Maize hybrids differ greatly for yield traits under nitrogen and density stress
3.3.2 Characteristics of yield improvement under high density and high nitrogen
3.3.3 Post-silking dry matter accumulation contributed more in hundred seed weight as a function of source-sink balance
3.3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 RESULTS
4.2.1 SPAD measurements
4.2.2 Gaseous exchange measurements
4.2.3 Light distribution within crop canopy
4.3 DISCUSSION
4.3.1 High N rate maintains SPAD and photosynthetic activity of maize hybrids
4.3.2 High density and high N interplay for light distribution within crop canopy
4.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.PLANT NITROGEN UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 RESULTS
5.2.1 Nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）and components of NUE
5.2.2 N translocation and translocation efficiency
5.3 DISCUSSION
5.3.1 Characteristics of maize hybrids regarding N uptake and utilization efficiency
5.3.2 High N rate and high planting density maximized the NUE
5.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6.SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 RESULTS
4-N）status in soil"> 6.2.1 Ammonium-N（NH4-N）status in soil
3-N）status in soil"> 6.2.2 Nitrate-N（NO3-N）status in soil
6.3 DISCUSSION
6.3.1 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil ammonium N
6.3.2 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil nitrate N
6.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7.SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
References
Appendix 1:Yield,dry matter accumulation and canopy traits
Appendix 2:Photosynthesis and light distribution
Appendix 3:Plant nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency
Appendix 4:Soil mineral nitrogen dynamics
Appendix 5.Layout for field experiment
Acknowledgements
Curriculum Vitae
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Influence of plant architecture on maize physiology and yield in the Heilonggang River valley[J]. Shoubing Huang,Yingbo Gao,Yebei Li,Lina Xu,Hongbin Tao,Pu Wang. The Crop Journal. 2017(01)
[2]實施密植高產(chǎn)機械化生產(chǎn) 實現(xiàn)玉米高產(chǎn)高效協(xié)同[J]. 李少昆,王克如,謝瑞芝,侯鵬,明博,楊小霞,韓冬生,王玉華. 作物雜志. 2016(04)
[3]密度對耐密性不同玉米品種群體冠層結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J]. 唐建華,張衛(wèi)建,王延波,于吉琳,宋振偉,劉榮,王大為,劉穎,齊華. 作物雜志. 2013(02)
[4]提高密度對根冠發(fā)育及其產(chǎn)量的影響研究[J]. 張鳳路,牛興奎,張怡明,李少昆,謝瑞芝,劉鑫,修文雯. 華北農(nóng)學(xué)報. 2012(02)
[5]緩/控釋肥在玉米生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用與展望[J]. 王宜倫,李潮海,王瑾,譚金芳. 中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報. 2009(24)
[6]華北地區(qū)冬小麥-夏玉米輪作體系的氮素循環(huán)與平衡[J]. 趙榮芳,陳新平,張福鎖. 土壤學(xué)報. 2009(04)
[7]作物高產(chǎn)群體干物質(zhì)積累動態(tài)模型的構(gòu)建及生長特性分析[J]. 侯玉虹,陳傳永,郭志強,侯立白,董志強,趙明. 玉米科學(xué). 2008(06)
[8]中國土壤和植物養(yǎng)分管理現(xiàn)狀與改進(jìn)策略[J]. 張福鎖,崔振嶺,王激清,李春儉,陳新平. 植物學(xué)通報. 2007(06)
[9]我國玉米品種更替過程中根系時空分布特性的演變[J]. 王空軍,鄭洪建,劉開昌,張吉旺,董樹亭,胡昌浩. 植物生態(tài)學(xué)報. 2001(04)
本文編號：3091096
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