英語論文大綱一

Chapter I Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Significance and Objectives of the Research 2
1.2.1 The Significance of the Research 2
1.2.2 The Objectives of the Research   2
1.2.3 Summary 3
1.3 Studies of Fossilization both Home and Abroad 3
1.3.1 Studies of Fossilization Abroad 4
1.3.2 Studies of Fossilization in China 5
1.3.3 Summary 6
1.4 Organization of the Thesis 7
Chapter II Literature Review  7
2.1 Interlanguage   8
2.2 The Definitions of Fossilization 9
2.3 The Classification of Fossilization : :. 13
2.3.1 Individual Fossilization vs. Group Fossilization 13
2.3.2 Temporary Fossilization vs. Permanent Fossilization 14
2.3.3 How to Identify Fossilization 15
2.4 Possible Factors of Fossilization 17
2.4.1 Internal Factors   18
2.4.2 External Factors 20
2.5 Error Analysis 22
2.5.1 The Background of Error Analysis 22
2.5.2 Procedures of Error Analysis 23
2.5.3 Classification of Errors 24
2.5.4 The Significance of Error Analysis   26
2.6 Summary 26Chapter III Design of the Research 27
3.1 Research Questions    27
3.2 Subjects 28
3.3 Method 28
3.4 Instruments 29
3.5 Procedures 29
3.6 Summary 30Chapter IV Result and Discussion 31
4.1 Data Analysis 31
4.1.1 Classification of Errors   31
4.1.2 Analysis of the Errors 31
4.2 The Design of the Questionnaires 37
4.3 The Analysis of the Questionnaires 38
4.4 Analysis of Causes of Fossilized Errors in Writing   40
4.5 Summary 42
Chapter V Strategies for Fossilization Avoidance     43
5.1 To Take a Good Attitude to the Interference of LI 43
5.2 To Enhance the Learners' Motivationr44
5.3 To Guarantee the Quality and Quantity of L2 Input 46
5.4 To Provide Effective Feedback 48
5.5 To Attach More Importance to Grammar Teaching  49
5.6 To Apply More Effective Learning Strategies 49
5.7 Summary 50
Chapter VI Conclusion 51
6.1 A Brief Review of the Study 51
6.2 Major Findings 52
6.3 Limitations of this Study 53
6.4 Suggestions    54
Bibliography      55
Appendix   60
Acknowledgements 65

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Origin of the research topic   1
1.2 Theoretical and Pedagogical Significance 2
1.3 Organization of the Thesis   3
Chapter 2 Theoretical Background and Literature Review 4
2.1 Theoretical Background 4
2.1.1 Optimaiity Theory   4
2.1.1.1 The Architecture of an OT Grammar   4
2.1.1.2 Constraints 5
2.1.1.3 Constraint conflicts & Ranking 7
2.1.2 Constraint Demotion Algorithm 11
2.1.3 English Consonant Clusters 11
2.1.4. English and Chinese Syllable Structures 12
2.1.5 An OT Account 14
2.2 Literature Review   15
2.2.1 Studies on SLA of ECS and ECCS 15
2.2.2 Studies on SLA of ECS and ECCS in China 16
2.2.2.1 Other Studies supported by other theories on ECS and ECCS 17
2.2.2.2 Studies on ECS and ECCS in OT 18
Chapter 3 Research Design 21
3.1 Research Questions and Hypotheses    21
3.2 Subject 21
3.3 Instruments and Materials 23
3.4 Research Procedures 24
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 27
4.1 Pilot Study 27
4.1.1 Results and Discussions 27
4.1.1.1 General Tendency 27
4.1.1.2 Individual Difference 29
4.1.2 Discussion in OT Account 29
4.1.2.1 Overall Situation 29
4.1.2.2 Individual Difference 29
4.1.3 Suggestions for the Research Project 30
4.1.3.1 Research Questions 30
4.1.3.2 Subjects 31
4.1.3.3 Research Materials 31
4.2 The Research Project 31
4.2.1 Results 31
4.2.2 Discussions 39
Chapter 5 Conclusion 48
5.1 Main Findings 48
5.2 Innovations 50
5.2.1 Theoretical Improvement 50
5.2.2 Empirical Improvement 51
5.3 Limitations 51
5.4 Suggestions for the Future Teaching 52
Bibliography 54
Appendix A 58
Appendix B 59
Appendix C   60
Acknowledgements     61
Resume and Publications 62