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  本文關鍵詞： 位移動詞 題元角色 機器翻譯 對外教學　出處：《武漢科技大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：位移動詞研究從多個角度觀察都有重要意義：從句法和語義角度看，動詞與相關的句型問題是英漢語語法研究中最重要的問題，動詞語義成分和句法成分的對應關系是重要的語法課題。從認知上看，空間概念是最基本的概念，從屬于空間系統(tǒng)的位移動詞的研究就很有意義。從應用角度看，現(xiàn)代英漢語位移動詞是一類數(shù)量頗大，用法豐富的動詞，從語義認知入手來解析動詞的句法表現(xiàn)和句子的相關成分的使用情況，對其進行全面的研究，將起到以簡馭繁的效果。 本文以位移動詞為研究對象，從語言事實入手，探討了位移動詞定義和分類依據(jù)的標準。我們認為位移的本質(zhì)是位移力的傳遞及其作用下位移體的結果變化，圍繞位移力這個位移的核心概念，對與位移動詞相關的位移要素：位移力、施動體、位移體、位移處所的性質(zhì)及句法語義特征進行了論述。區(qū)分了位移動詞和非位移動詞，并將位移動詞分為自移動詞，他移動詞和共移動詞，列出了空間動詞詞表，并對各小類句法語義特點進行了論述。 運用語義成分分析理論和題元角色理論對英漢語位移動詞進行分析對比，找出英漢語位移動詞的相似與不同之處。它們的相似之處在于：1）題元角色理論對英漢語動詞多義性的認知作用：2）題元角色理論對英漢語動詞句法結構的認知指導作用；3）題元角色理論對英漢語動詞一詞多義的教學指導作用。它們的不同之處在于：1）英漢語移動動詞語義組成方式不同，英語移動動詞的詞匯化程度高于漢語并且英語移動動詞種類也遠多于漢語。2）英語是形合語，漢語為意合語。英語移動動詞賓語的題元角色一般是受事，漢語則不然，其賓語題元角色可以由方式或目標等充當。并將此對比得到的結論運用于機器翻譯和對外漢語或英語教學中。 在機器翻譯中，運用語義成分分析理論對英漢移動動詞語義進行分析后，，再運用題元角色理論對語義相同或相似的移動動詞進行對比，從而進一步從語義角度對英漢移動動詞深入分析，得出它們的相似和不同之處。同理，在對外漢語教學中，也可用此法對比英漢移動動詞，以便教授學生辨析不同語言中的近義詞。
[Abstract]:The study of displacement verbs is of great significance from a variety of perspectives: from the syntactic and semantic perspectives, the question of verbs and related sentence patterns is the most important issue in the study of English and Chinese grammar. The corresponding relationship between semantic and syntactic components of verbs is an important grammatical subject. From a cognitive point of view, the concept of space is the most basic concept. The study of the displacement verbs subordinate to the spatial system is of great significance. From the perspective of application, the modern English and Chinese displacement verbs are a kind of verbs with a large number and abundant usage. From the perspective of semantic cognition, the syntactic representation of verbs and the use of related components of sentences are analyzed, and a comprehensive study of them will have the effect of simplicity and complexity. In this paper, the definition and classification criteria of displacement verbs are discussed from the linguistic facts. We think that the essence of displacement is the transfer of displacement force and the change of the result of displacement body under action. Around displacement force, the core concept of displacement, the displacement elements related to displacement verbs: displacement force, actuating body, displacement body. The nature and syntactic and semantic characteristics of the displacement place are discussed. The displacement verb is distinguished from the non-displacement verb, and the displacement verb is divided into the self-moving word, the moving word and the co-moving word, and the lexical table of the spatial verb is listed. The syntactic and semantic characteristics of each subcategory are also discussed. Using the theory of semantic component analysis and the theory of meta-role, this paper analyzes and compares the displacement verbs in English and Chinese. Find out the similarities and differences between English and Chinese displacement verbs. Their similarities lie in the cognitive effect of the "1") meta-role theory on the polysemy of English and Chinese verbs: 2). The cognitive guidance of the meta role theory to the syntactic structure of English and Chinese verbs; 3) the teaching guidance of the theory of the meta role in the polysemy of verbs in English and Chinese. The difference between them is that the semantic composition of moving verbs in English and Chinese is different. The lexicalization of mobile verbs in English is higher than that in Chinese and the types of mobile verbs in English are far more than those in Chinese.) English is a hypotaxis and Chinese is an parataxis. In Chinese, the role of object and object can be played by way or goal, and this conclusion is applied to machine translation and teaching Chinese or English as a foreign language. In machine translation, the semantic component analysis theory is used to analyze the semantics of mobile verbs in English and Chinese, and then the theory of topic meta-role is used to compare the verbs with the same or similar semantics. From the semantic point of view, we can find out their similarities and differences. Similarly, in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we can also use this method to compare English and Chinese mobile verbs. In order to teach students to distinguish and analyze synonyms in different languages.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H314;H146

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