發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-02 13:59

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： “的”字結(jié)構(gòu) 標(biāo)句詞 限定語(yǔ) 平行性　出處：《北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中,“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)是一種使用頻率較高的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),但其句法地位一直存有爭(zhēng)議。爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)主要涵蓋三個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一,“的”的性質(zhì)問(wèn)題；第二,“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)的中心語(yǔ)問(wèn)題；第三,諸如“NP的VP”、“XP的”和“NP1的NP2”的結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題。這也正是本文要致力研究的問(wèn)題。 傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法以布龍菲爾德(1933)的向心結(jié)構(gòu)理論為基礎(chǔ),傾向于把“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)分析為偏正結(jié)構(gòu)(如“XP的YP”)或者離心結(jié)構(gòu)(如“XP的”)。與此不同,本文遵循生成語(yǔ)法的做法,把“的”分析為功能中心語(yǔ)。在生成語(yǔ)法框架下,前人的研究主要分為兩派。一為標(biāo)句詞說(shuō)(CP),“的”充當(dāng)標(biāo)句詞(Complementizer／C)；二為限定語(yǔ)說(shuō)(DP),“的”被視為限定語(yǔ)(Determiner／D).本文卻力圖從理論和實(shí)際語(yǔ)料兩方面證明CP與DP的平行性,從而探討“的”既可以為標(biāo)句詞(C),又可以作限定語(yǔ)(D)的規(guī)律。 從理論上來(lái)說(shuō),一方面,句子(CP)和名詞短語(yǔ)(DP)在句法分布和內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)方面都存在相似性；另一方面,根據(jù)句法和語(yǔ)用的接口效應(yīng),句子結(jié)構(gòu)和名詞短語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)各自分別存在論元層和語(yǔ)用層兩個(gè)層次(司富珍,2011)。這兩方面從理論角度證明了CP與DP平行的可能性。在實(shí)際語(yǔ)料方面,由于“的”常被認(rèn)為是古漢語(yǔ)“之”語(yǔ)法化的結(jié)果,本文試圖提供一些“之”由限定語(yǔ)發(fā)展到標(biāo)句詞的佐證。另外我們注意到,漢語(yǔ)的“是”、英語(yǔ)的‘'that"也呈現(xiàn)出同時(shí)具有限定語(yǔ)和標(biāo)句詞特性的特點(diǎn)。由此可證,“的”既可以是標(biāo)句詞,也可以是限定語(yǔ),它同時(shí)具有標(biāo)句詞和限定語(yǔ)的特性。 本文認(rèn)為,CP描述的是事件,具有斷言性和動(dòng)態(tài)性；而DP描述的是事物,具有指稱(chēng)性和限定性。具體來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)表示斷言時(shí),“的”充當(dāng)標(biāo)句詞(C)；而當(dāng)其表示指稱(chēng)時(shí),“的”充當(dāng)限定語(yǔ)(D)。這是本文的重要觀點(diǎn),以此為“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)提供一個(gè)更靈活、更合理的分析。 本文選取了“NP的VP"、"XP的”和“NP1的NP2”三類(lèi)典型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析�；�本的分析方法是關(guān)系從句的兩種經(jīng)典分析方法,即把“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)看作關(guān)系從句,以C或D為中心。當(dāng)“的”為標(biāo)句詞(C)時(shí),采用的是附加語(yǔ)法；當(dāng)“的”為限定語(yǔ)(D)時(shí),則選擇提升法。 本文旨在從結(jié)構(gòu)上解釋這三類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的爭(zhēng)議之處。研究主要表明三點(diǎn)：一,在諸如“這本書(shū)的出版”這類(lèi)“NP的VP”結(jié)構(gòu)中,VP既具有名詞性質(zhì),又保留了動(dòng)詞特性,這點(diǎn)可通過(guò)其結(jié)構(gòu)中n和V的同現(xiàn)來(lái)證明。二,“XP的”的結(jié)構(gòu)中具有一個(gè)空位,這點(diǎn)與之前的“省略說(shuō)”吻合。三,“NP.的NP2”的經(jīng)典范例“木頭的房子”是個(gè)歧義結(jié)構(gòu)。一方面,它意為“那所木頭的房子”；另一方面,它又可以理解為“房子是木頭做的”。前者表指稱(chēng),后者表斷言,這種歧義性可通過(guò)CP和DP之間的平行性來(lái)理解。這種平行性還普遍體現(xiàn)在其他“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中,如“他買(mǎi)的書(shū)”、“紅的花”等。 綜上所述,本文致力于在CP和DP平行性的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行再分析,希望能從一個(gè)新的角度對(duì)“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)的研究有所啟示。本文的研究既具有理論意義,又具有實(shí)踐意義。從理論上來(lái)說(shuō),主要是滿足普遍語(yǔ)法所追求的對(duì)同一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的統(tǒng)一解釋。其實(shí)踐意義主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)有關(guān)“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)的教學(xué)中。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "de" structure is a frequently used phrase structure, but its syntactic position has been controversial. The controversy mainly covers three problems. First, the "nature"; second, "center word problem" structure; third, such as "NP VP", "XP structure" and "NP1 NP2". This is also the focus of the problem.
Traditional grammar to Bloomfield (1933) centripetal structure theory, tend to the "de" structure analysis for partial structure (such as "XP YP") or centrifugal structure (such as "XP"). In contrast, this paper follows the generative grammar approach, "" analysis function the center of language. In the framework of generative grammar, the previous study is mainly divided into two factions. As a complementizer (CP) said, "as a complementizer (Complementizer / C); the qualification (DP)," said "is regarded as a qualifier (Determiner / D). This is trying to prove the parallel CP and DP from two aspects of theory and actual data, so as to explore the" can not only be used as a complementizer (C), and can be used as attributive limit (D) rule.
Theoretically speaking, on the one hand, the sentence (CP) and noun phrases (DP) similarity exists in the syntactic distribution and internal structure; on the other hand, according to the interface effect of syntactic and pragmatic structure, sentence structure and noun phrases respectively are two levels of meta level and pragmatic level (Si Fuzhen. 2011). These two aspects proved that CP and DP parallel possibilities from the theoretical point of view. In the actual data, due to the "" is often referred to as "ancient Chinese" grammaticalization results, this paper attempts to provide some evidence of "the" word standard by limiting attributive. In addition to our notice, the Chinese "is" English "'that" is also showing also has the characteristics of qualification and complementizer characteristics. Thus, "" could be the complementizer, can also be defined language, it also has the characteristics of the complementizer and qualifier.
This paper argues that CP describes the event, has asserted and dynamic; while DP is describing things, with reference and limitation. Specifically, when "de structure" said an assertion, "as a complementizer (C); and when the said allegations," "as the attribute (D). This is an important point of this article, as the" de "structure provides a more flexible, more reasonable.
This paper selects the "NP VP", "XP analysis" and "NP1 NP2" three kinds of typical structure. The basic analysis method is the analysis of two classical methods of relative clauses, namely word structure as relative clause ", with C or D as the center." when the "subject sentence the word (C), using the additional grammar; when the" limited attribute (D), is the choice to ascend.
This paper aims to explain the three kinds of structure of the dispute. The structure of research mainly show three points: first, such as "the book", this kind of "NP VP" structure, VP not only has the noun properties, but also retains the characteristics that can prove the verb, by N and V with its structure in two, "with a space structure XP", and this "omission" before the agreement. Three, "NP. NP2" classic example "wood house" is an ambiguous structure. On the one hand, it means "the wood house"; on the other hand again, it can be understood as "the house is made of wood. The former refers to the table, table that the ambiguity can be parallel between the CP and DP to understand. This is generally reflected in the parallel structure of the word" other ", such as" he bought the book "," red flower ".
In summary, this paper focuses on the basis of CP and DP in parallel on the "de" structure analysis, hope to enlightenment of the "de" structure from a new perspective. This study has theoretical significance and practical significance. Theoretically, mainly to meet the the pursuit of universal grammar for the same language phenomenon. Unified interpretation of its practical significance is mainly reflected in the "foreign language" structure teaching.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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