現(xiàn)代漢語句中簡單狀語的功能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 22:24
【摘要】：自徐杰提出謂頭是漢語的第三個句法敏感位置且最為特殊之后,學(xué)者們開始意識到句中簡單狀語的地位問題�？偟恼f來,過去對于句中簡單狀語的研究缺乏語篇視點,而且局限于孤立地分析在句中作狀語的那些構(gòu)式,或者研究處所狀語,或者研究方位狀語,或者是研究具體的那些做狀語的構(gòu)式以及它的語用功能等,對它們的研究缺乏系統(tǒng)性,比較零散。按照功能語法的觀點,語言表達形式的多樣性源于交際中不同的功能需求,脫離真實的篇章和自然的言談,難以有效地揭示構(gòu)式的語義。鑒于此,本文嘗試用認知語法、構(gòu)件語法和篇章語法的理論作基礎(chǔ),運用定量分析法和描寫與解釋相結(jié)合的方法,對現(xiàn)代漢語中的句中簡單狀語從句法和篇章的角度來進行研究,討論其成句功能及篇章功能,并對其原因進行分析,以證明句中簡單狀語的重要性。 本文的句中簡單狀語主要是指在句子主謂之間做狀語的單詞,要考察的功能是單詞在句子主謂之間做狀語之后所具有的成句和篇章功能。這些單詞在謂語前面作描寫或限制狀語時,可能會與其它一些緊接其后的狀語同時存在,但只要首位狀語與其后的狀語沒有語義聯(lián)系,這首位狀語就是本文的考察范圍。本文認為,句中簡單狀語在句中有成句功能,主要由助動詞、部分名詞、部分副詞和部分形容詞充當(dāng),它們在句中表示時體、語氣、程度、情態(tài)等范疇,能讓句子具有表述性,從而與現(xiàn)實發(fā)生一定的聯(lián)系,實現(xiàn)句子的現(xiàn)實功能：指稱明確、時體清晰、語氣完整等,因而這些句中簡單狀語可作為完句成分。一些本來就有連接義的關(guān)聯(lián)副詞、表示評注性的副詞、限制性副詞以及時間副詞等詞充當(dāng)簡單狀語,能在篇章中起到銜接作用,并主要通過語義邏輯連接和照應(yīng)這兩個手段來完成。句中簡單狀語的篇章銜接功能還不是很完全,有篇章銜接功能的句中簡單狀語也不是很多,但語言是一個不斷變化發(fā)展的過程,當(dāng)句中簡單狀語的某些語用義被頻繁的臨時使用時,有進一步演化為固定的篇章銜接標志的可能,能推動銜接標記的不斷衍生。 本文的研究豐富、深化了對漢語中句中簡單狀語的研究,研究成果可以運用到漢語教學(xué)中,這對對外漢語教學(xué)來說也是一個新的教學(xué)角度,對于留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代漢語中比較復(fù)雜的狀語來說,無疑是一大幫助,具有一定的實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:Since Xu Jie proposed that predicate head is the third and most special syntactic sensitive position in Chinese, scholars have begun to realize the status of simple adverbial in sentences. In general, previous studies of simple adverbials in sentences lacked a textual perspective and were limited to the isolated analysis of the constructions used as adverbials in a sentence, or the study of locative adverbials or locational adverbials. Or the study of specific adverbial constructions and its pragmatic functions, lack of systematic research on them, relatively scattered. According to the viewpoint of functional grammar, the diversity of forms of language expression originates from different functional needs in communication, and it is difficult to reveal the semantics of construction effectively without the real text and natural discourse. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the theories of cognitive grammar, component grammar and textual grammar as the basis, using the method of quantitative analysis and the combination of description and explanation. In order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence, this paper makes a study of the simple adverbial in modern Chinese from the perspective of syntax and text, discusses the function of the sentence and the function of the text, and analyzes the reasons for the function of the simple adverbial in the sentence in order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence. The simple adverbial in this paper mainly refers to the words that do adverbial between the subject and predicate of the sentence. The function to be examined is the function of the word after the adverbial between the subject and the predicate of the sentence has the function of sentence formation and text. These words may exist at the same time as other adverbials immediately following them when describing or limiting adverbials before predicates, but as long as the first adverbial has no semantic connection with the adverbial after it, this first adverbial is the scope of this article. This paper holds that the simple adverbial in the sentence has the function of sentence formation, which is mainly served by auxiliary verbs, some nouns, some adverbs and some adjectives. They can express the category of tense, mood, degree and modality in the sentence, which can make the sentence expressive. Therefore, the simple adverbial in these sentences can be regarded as the component of the complete sentence because of its clear reference, clear tense and complete mood. Some related adverbs, which already have connective meanings, indicate that commentaries, restrictive adverbs and time adverbs act as simple adverbials and play a cohesive role in the text. And mainly through the semantic logical connection and reference to these two means to complete. The function of textual cohesion of simple adverbial in sentence is not very complete, and there are not many simple adverbials in sentences with textual cohesion, but language is a changing and developing process. When some of the pragmatic meanings of the simple adverbial in the sentence are frequently and temporarily used, there is the possibility of further evolution into a fixed textual cohesion marker, which can promote the continuous derivation of cohesion markers. The research in this paper is rich and deepens the study of simple adverbial in Chinese sentence. The research results can be applied to Chinese teaching, which is also a new teaching angle for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is undoubtedly a great help for foreign students to learn complex adverbials in modern Chinese and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H146
本文編號：2357543
[Abstract]:Since Xu Jie proposed that predicate head is the third and most special syntactic sensitive position in Chinese, scholars have begun to realize the status of simple adverbial in sentences. In general, previous studies of simple adverbials in sentences lacked a textual perspective and were limited to the isolated analysis of the constructions used as adverbials in a sentence, or the study of locative adverbials or locational adverbials. Or the study of specific adverbial constructions and its pragmatic functions, lack of systematic research on them, relatively scattered. According to the viewpoint of functional grammar, the diversity of forms of language expression originates from different functional needs in communication, and it is difficult to reveal the semantics of construction effectively without the real text and natural discourse. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the theories of cognitive grammar, component grammar and textual grammar as the basis, using the method of quantitative analysis and the combination of description and explanation. In order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence, this paper makes a study of the simple adverbial in modern Chinese from the perspective of syntax and text, discusses the function of the sentence and the function of the text, and analyzes the reasons for the function of the simple adverbial in the sentence in order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence. The simple adverbial in this paper mainly refers to the words that do adverbial between the subject and predicate of the sentence. The function to be examined is the function of the word after the adverbial between the subject and the predicate of the sentence has the function of sentence formation and text. These words may exist at the same time as other adverbials immediately following them when describing or limiting adverbials before predicates, but as long as the first adverbial has no semantic connection with the adverbial after it, this first adverbial is the scope of this article. This paper holds that the simple adverbial in the sentence has the function of sentence formation, which is mainly served by auxiliary verbs, some nouns, some adverbs and some adjectives. They can express the category of tense, mood, degree and modality in the sentence, which can make the sentence expressive. Therefore, the simple adverbial in these sentences can be regarded as the component of the complete sentence because of its clear reference, clear tense and complete mood. Some related adverbs, which already have connective meanings, indicate that commentaries, restrictive adverbs and time adverbs act as simple adverbials and play a cohesive role in the text. And mainly through the semantic logical connection and reference to these two means to complete. The function of textual cohesion of simple adverbial in sentence is not very complete, and there are not many simple adverbials in sentences with textual cohesion, but language is a changing and developing process. When some of the pragmatic meanings of the simple adverbial in the sentence are frequently and temporarily used, there is the possibility of further evolution into a fixed textual cohesion marker, which can promote the continuous derivation of cohesion markers. The research in this paper is rich and deepens the study of simple adverbial in Chinese sentence. The research results can be applied to Chinese teaching, which is also a new teaching angle for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is undoubtedly a great help for foreign students to learn complex adverbials in modern Chinese and has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H146
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