發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-15 05:19

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,海島已經(jīng)成為最受游客歡迎的旅游目的地,海島旅游是全球旅游業(yè)重要組成部分,海島旅游已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)世界旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的重要力量。在海島型旅游目的地中,又以熱帶海島的游客吸引力最強(qiáng)。發(fā)展海島旅游,已經(jīng)成為各國(guó)搶占旅游市場(chǎng)的重要手段。海南作為我國(guó)唯一的一個(gè)熱帶海島,旅游產(chǎn)品豐富多樣,發(fā)展?jié)摿�巨大。但�?由于起步晚,基礎(chǔ)差,與知名國(guó)際旅游島之間仍有較大的差距,旅游發(fā)展中亦存在國(guó)際影響力較低、區(qū)域分工不明確、旅游產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化等諸多問(wèn)題,影響了海南國(guó)際旅游島建設(shè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。但通過(guò)與全球180個(gè)主要海島與50個(gè)主要半島的綜合比對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn),海南島屬于典型的“大型-依附型-多產(chǎn)業(yè)-多中心”海島,發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題具有特殊性和典型性,對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究,既有利于解決海南旅游發(fā)展中存在的問(wèn)題,為海南國(guó)際旅游島建設(shè)服務(wù),又有利于拓展海島旅游發(fā)展理論,為同類海島旅游空間協(xié)同發(fā)展提供了理論支持和探索。為此,本文擬在深入分析海南旅游在時(shí)間和空間格局上的演變特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律,進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)海南旅游發(fā)展中存在的問(wèn)題、主要影響因素和驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,并在對(duì)海南各市縣空間旅游發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析全省旅游發(fā)展空間協(xié)調(diào)度及障礙因子診斷,進(jìn)而制定全省旅游協(xié)同發(fā)展策略,為海南省旅游區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展政策制定、投資方向的引導(dǎo)等提供決策依據(jù)。本文的主要內(nèi)容和研究結(jié)論如下:一、從海南省建省開始,從時(shí)間序列分析海南省旅游發(fā)展歷程,并從旅游接待人數(shù)、旅游收入和國(guó)際游客量三個(gè)指標(biāo),來(lái)尋找海南省旅游發(fā)展時(shí)間演變特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明,海南從1988年建省到1996年期間,旅游飛速發(fā)展,但受國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)局勢(shì)的影響,發(fā)展波動(dòng)較大,發(fā)展規(guī)律不夠明顯;1996年之后,海南省旅游步入平穩(wěn)發(fā)展階段,且受交通、政策等因素的主要影響,在1996年、2004年、2009年和2014年又出現(xiàn)明顯的變化拐點(diǎn)。從游客、旅游收入、國(guó)際游客、星級(jí)旅游景區(qū)和星級(jí)飯店建設(shè)等多個(gè)角度,研究自1996年以來(lái)隨時(shí)間推移,海南省旅游在空間格局上的演變特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明,從各個(gè)指標(biāo)看,海南省都經(jīng)歷了海口一家獨(dú)大,三亞的崛起并逐漸超過(guò)�？�,再到海口—瓊�！�萬(wàn)寧—三亞線狀延伸,逐漸發(fā)展到�？�、三亞、萬(wàn)寧、瓊海、陵水、保亭、儋州等市縣全面展開,完成由點(diǎn)到線再到面狀輻射的演變過(guò)程。但從空間差異性來(lái)看,海南省旅游發(fā)展具有明顯的雙核特點(diǎn),�？谑泻腿齺喪袃蓚�(gè)核心在在各項(xiàng)旅游發(fā)展指標(biāo)方面都處于絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),其他市縣旅游發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后,區(qū)域差距明顯。從游客重心和消費(fèi)重心演變規(guī)律看,二者在空間上和移動(dòng)軌跡上具有一致性,但又有顯著差別:一是海南省旅游接待重心和旅游消費(fèi)重心都始終處在海南省地理幾何中心稍偏東的位置,且呈現(xiàn)出逐年向南移動(dòng)的演變態(tài)勢(shì),說(shuō)明全省旅游發(fā)展在空間上不均衡,東部要優(yōu)于西部,南部強(qiáng)于北部。二是全省旅游接待重心和旅游消費(fèi)重心始終不重合,說(shuō)明全省旅游發(fā)展質(zhì)量差異顯著,部分地區(qū)以觀光旅游為主旺丁不旺財(cái),投入和產(chǎn)出不成正比,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了區(qū)域發(fā)展的不平衡性。從海南省旅游空間演變驅(qū)動(dòng)力來(lái)看,資源條件、政策支持和交通干線的布局是影響旅游發(fā)展和空間布局的主要誘因。二、為科學(xué)評(píng)判海南省旅游發(fā)展空間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平、空間協(xié)調(diào)性及障礙因子,本文構(gòu)建了包含旅游資源稟賦、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施水平、國(guó)土空間集約利用水平、旅游發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀水平、旅游增長(zhǎng)潛力6個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo),15個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo)和38個(gè)三級(jí)指標(biāo)的評(píng)價(jià)體系。研究結(jié)果顯示,從各市縣旅游發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平來(lái)看,三亞市和�？谑凶罡�,且遠(yuǎn)高于其實(shí)市縣,萬(wàn)寧市、文昌市、瓊海市和儋州市處于第二層次,陵水縣、保亭縣、樂(lè)東縣處于第三層次,其他旅游發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平較低。研究結(jié)果表明,各市縣旅游發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力與現(xiàn)狀旅游發(fā)展水平基本保持一致,但亦有明顯差異,旅游發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力高于旅游現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展水平的市縣主要有文昌市、儋州市、保亭縣和樂(lè)東縣,文昌市和儋州資源稟賦較高,屬于典型的旅游資源優(yōu)勢(shì)尚未充分發(fā)揮的市縣,且文昌市依托文昌火箭發(fā)射基地和航天主題公園的建設(shè),旅游發(fā)展?jié)摿�無(wú)限,儋州市處于西部核心位置,屬于西部地區(qū)核心城市,社會(huì)經(jīng)發(fā)達(dá),歷史文化旅游資源豐富,旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)力和增長(zhǎng)潛力較高;保亭縣和樂(lè)東縣這兩個(gè)城市處于熱帶,氣候環(huán)境質(zhì)量較高,本身資源條件較好,又屬于南部大三亞組團(tuán),受三亞市輻射帶動(dòng)影響較強(qiáng),增長(zhǎng)潛力較大。從全省旅游發(fā)展空間耦合協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系來(lái)看,三亞市協(xié)調(diào)度最高,始終處于優(yōu)良的狀態(tài),各指標(biāo)發(fā)展水平均處于高位;海口市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高,基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施比較完備,但資源稟賦條件不高,各指標(biāo)發(fā)展不太均衡,整體處于中級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)狀態(tài);萬(wàn)寧市、瓊海市、文昌市、儋州市和陵水縣則處于勉強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)或?yàn)l臨協(xié)調(diào)的階段,這幾個(gè)市縣資源稟賦條件較高,但社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相對(duì)滯后,基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施水平不夠健全,土地利用效益較低,在一定程度上制約了旅游的發(fā)展;其他市縣各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)發(fā)展水平都較低,旅游發(fā)展空間耦合協(xié)調(diào)度也較低。從空間協(xié)調(diào)障礙影響因子來(lái)看,星級(jí)酒店數(shù)量及等級(jí)、住宿接待能力、市場(chǎng)影響力、A級(jí)以上景區(qū)數(shù)量及等級(jí)、固定資產(chǎn)投資、航空便利度、旅游用地面積、城市化水平、城鄉(xiāng)居民可支配收入、等級(jí)公路里程等指標(biāo)影響程度較大。三、本文通過(guò)概念界定,在全球180個(gè)海島和50個(gè)典型半島中進(jìn)行篩選,得出與海南島同為“大型-依附型-多產(chǎn)業(yè)-多中心”熱帶海島的有爪哇島、呂宋島、蘇門答臘島、臺(tái)灣島、棉蘭老島、蘇拉威西島、西西里島、四國(guó)島等8個(gè)海島,以及佛羅里達(dá)半島、下加利福尼亞半島、克里木半島和伯羅奔尼撒半島等4個(gè)半島,共12個(gè)同類典型案例,并通過(guò)綜合比選,最終鎖定了佛羅里達(dá)這一旅游發(fā)展最為成功典型案例。佛羅里達(dá)旅游發(fā)展的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,要實(shí)現(xiàn)“大型-依附型-多產(chǎn)業(yè)-多中心”海島旅游的協(xié)同發(fā)展,首先,各區(qū)域之間要有明確的分工,形成良好的城市競(jìng)合關(guān)系;其次,要充分利用現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)資源優(yōu)勢(shì),形成特色鮮明的旅游產(chǎn)品,各區(qū)域之間形成旅游產(chǎn)品互補(bǔ),有效避免產(chǎn)業(yè)雷同;第三,要建立便利的交通體系,形成四通八達(dá)的網(wǎng)狀交通格局,提高各區(qū)域之間游客共享和轉(zhuǎn)移的便利度;第四,必須要有在全球具有獨(dú)特性、主題鮮明、吸引力較強(qiáng)的旅游產(chǎn)品;第五,立足國(guó)內(nèi)游客市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì),不斷完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及服務(wù)水平,做好海外市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷,逐步擴(kuò)大國(guó)際影響力。四、海南省要開展全域旅游并實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展,要按照“將全省作為一個(gè)市來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)”的理念進(jìn)行全省的旅游開發(fā),要站在全局的高度,統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃全省旅游資源,明確功能分區(qū)和產(chǎn)品定位,切實(shí)做到資源共享、產(chǎn)品互補(bǔ)、互通有無(wú)。首先,在區(qū)域合作上,要充分發(fā)揮區(qū)域核心城市的輻射帶動(dòng)作用,形成以�？谑袨橹行牡谋辈拷M團(tuán)、以三亞市為核心的南部組團(tuán)、東部瓊海市和萬(wàn)寧市組團(tuán)、以儋州市為中心的西部組團(tuán)和以五指山市為中心的中部組團(tuán),各組團(tuán)在核心城市的引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)下,作為一個(gè)整體實(shí)現(xiàn)資源互補(bǔ)、優(yōu)勢(shì)共享。其次,在產(chǎn)業(yè)分工上,各組團(tuán)要結(jié)合自身資源優(yōu)勢(shì),發(fā)展特色旅游產(chǎn)品,避免造成產(chǎn)品雷同和重復(fù)建設(shè)。北部主推商務(wù)會(huì)展+娛樂(lè),南部主打休閑度假+高端旅游,東部強(qiáng)調(diào)康養(yǎng)+鄉(xiāng)村田野休閑,西部發(fā)展工業(yè)旅游+商貿(mào)服務(wù),中部則重點(diǎn)發(fā)展生態(tài)雨林探險(xiǎn)+民俗文化旅游,形成全省區(qū)域分工明確、產(chǎn)品各具特色、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的發(fā)展格局。最后,必須要做好交通便利度提升、信息一體化共享等關(guān)鍵要素的提升,破除阻礙區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的空間障礙,降低游客選擇的時(shí)間成本和金錢成本,最終形成全省各區(qū)域旅游資源一體化、產(chǎn)品互相補(bǔ)充,全省旅游協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展共同繁榮的局面。
[Abstract]:At present, islands have become the most popular tourist destinations, island tourism is an important part of global tourism, island tourism has become an important force to promote the development of world tourism. Hainan, as the only tropical island in China, has abundant tourism products and great potential for development. However, due to its late start and poor foundation, there is still a big gap between Hainan and famous international tourism islands. There are also many problems in tourism development, such as low international influence, unclear regional division of labor, homogenization of tourism products and so on. However, through a comprehensive comparison with 180 major islands and 50 major peninsulas in the world, it is found that Hainan Island belongs to the typical "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" islands, and the problems facing the development have particularity and typicality. To solve the problems existing in the development of Hainan's tourism, to serve the construction of Hainan's international tourism island, to expand the theory of island tourism development, and to provide theoretical support and exploration for the coordinated development of similar island tourism space. On the basis of evaluating the competitiveness of Hainan's spatial tourism development, this paper analyzes the spatial coordination degree and obstacle factor diagnosis of the whole province's tourism development, and then formulates the coordinated development strategy of the whole province's tourism so as to formulate the coordinated development policy for Hainan's tourism region. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Starting from the establishment of Hainan Province, this paper analyzes the development process of tourism in Hainan Province from time series, and finds out the characteristics and laws of the evolution of tourism development time in Hainan Province from three indicators: the number of tourist receivers, tourism revenue and international tourist volume. It shows that Hainan's tourism has developed rapidly from 1988 to 1996, but influenced by the international and domestic situation, its development fluctuates greatly and the law of development is not obvious enough. After 1996, Hainan's tourism has stepped into a steady development stage, and is mainly influenced by transportation and policies. In 1996, 2004, 2009 and 2014, Hainan's tourism has changed significantly. From the perspectives of tourists, tourism revenue, international tourists, star-rated tourist attractions and star-rated hotel construction, this paper studies the evolution characteristics and laws of tourism spatial pattern in Hainan Province over time since 1996. Over Haikou, then to Haikou-Qionghai-Wanning-Sanya linear extension, gradually developed to Haikou, Sanya, Wanning, Qionghai, Lingshui, Baoting, Danzhou and other cities and counties to complete the evolution process from point to line to surface radiation. The two core cities are in absolute superiority in various tourism development indicators. The tourism development of other cities and counties is relatively backward, and the regional disparity is obvious. The center of gravity is always in the eastern part of Hainan Province's geographic geometry center, and shows the trend of moving to the South year by year. It shows that the development of tourism in Hainan Province is not balanced in space, the eastern part is better than the western part, and the southern part is stronger than the northern part. The difference is significant. Tourism is the main source of prosperity in some areas. Input and output are not in direct proportion, which further enlarges the imbalance of regional development. By judging the spatial competitiveness, spatial coordination and obstacle factors of tourism development in Hainan Province, this paper constructs six first-class indicators, 15 second-class indicators and 38 third-class indicators including tourism resource endowment, social and economic development level, basic service facilities level, land and space intensive utilization level, tourism development status, tourism growth potential. The results show that Sanya City and Haikou City are the highest and far higher than the actual cities and counties, Wanning City, Wenchang City, Qionghai City and Danzhou City are in the second level, Lingshui County, Baoting County and Ledong County are in the third level, and other tourism development competitiveness is low. The competitiveness of tourism development in all cities and counties is basically consistent with the current level of tourism development, but there are also obvious differences. The cities and counties whose competitiveness of tourism development is higher than the current level of tourism development are mainly Wenchang, Danzhou, Baoting and Ledong counties, Wenchang and Danzhou with relatively high resource endowments, and the typical advantages of tourism resources have not yet been brought into full play. With the construction of Wenchang rocket launching base and aerospace theme park, Wenchang has unlimited potential for tourism development. Danzhou is in the core position of the western region, belonging to the core city of the western region, with developed social economy, rich historical and cultural tourism resources, and high tourism driving force and growth potential. In the tropics, the climate and environment quality is high, and the resource condition is good. It belongs to the Dasanya Group in the south. It is strongly influenced by the radiation of Sanya City and has great growth potential. The level of economic development is relatively high and the basic service facilities are relatively complete, but the resource endowment conditions are not high, the development of various indicators is not balanced, and the overall situation is in a state of intermediate coordination; Wanning, Qionghai, Wenchang, Danzhou and Lingshui are in a stage of reluctant coordination or near coordination, and these cities and counties have relatively high resource endowment conditions, but the socio-economic conditions are high. The development level is relatively backward, the level of basic service facilities is not perfect, and the land use efficiency is low, which restricts the development of tourism to a certain extent; the development level of other cities and counties is low, and the spatial coupling and coordination degree of tourism development is also low. Capacity, market influence, number and grade of scenic spots above A level, fixed assets investment, aviation convenience, area of tourist land, urbanization level, disposable income of urban and rural residents, grade highway mileage and other indicators have a greater impact. 3. This paper defines the concept of 180 islands and 50 typical peninsulas in the world through screening, and concludes with the sea. South Island is also a "large-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" tropical island with Java, Luzon, Sumatra, Taiwan, Mindanao, Sulawesi, Sicily, Sicily and other eight islands, as well as Florida Peninsula, Lower California Peninsula, the Kremlin Peninsula and the Peloponnese Peninsula, a total of 12 in common The successful experience of tourism development in Florida shows that in order to achieve the coordinated development of "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" island tourism, first of all, there must be a clear division of labor among regions to form a good city. Secondly, we should make full use of the advantages of existing industrial resources to form distinctive tourism products, and form complementary tourism products among different regions to effectively avoid industrial similarities; thirdly, we should establish a convenient transportation system, form a network traffic pattern in all directions, and improve the convenience of tourists sharing and transferring among different regions. There must be unique, thematic and attractive tourism products in the world. Fifth, based on the advantages of the domestic tourist market, we should constantly improve the infrastructure and service level, do a good job of overseas marketing, and gradually expand international influence. Fourth, Hainan Province should carry out tourism in the whole region and achieve regional coordinated development, in accordance with the "make the whole province work" To carry out the tourism development of the whole province for the idea of "operating for a city", we should stand on the overall height, unify the planning of the tourism resources of the whole province, define the functional zoning and product positioning, practically share resources, complement each other's products and exchange needs. First of all, in the regional cooperation, we should give full play to the radiation leading role of the regional core cities to form the Haikou. The northern group centered on the city, the southern group centered on Sanya, the eastern Qionghai city and Wanning city, the western group centered on Danzhou and the central group centered on Wuzhishan city, each group, led by the core city, as a whole, realizes complementarity of resources and sharing of advantages. Each group should combine its own resource advantages to develop characteristic tourism products and avoid duplicate construction. The northern region mainly promotes business exhibition + entertainment, the southern region focuses on leisure vacation + high-end tourism, the eastern region emphasizes recreation + rural field leisure, the western region develops industrial tourism + business and trade services, and the central region focuses on developing ecological rainforest exploration + folk customs. Finally, we must do a good job to improve the transportation convenience, information integration and sharing and other key elements, break the space barriers that hinder the coordinated development of the region, reduce the time cost and money cost of tourists'choice, and finally form the province's various regions. Regional tourism resources integration, products complement each other, the province's tourism coordinated development and common prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7
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本文編號(hào)：2243900